1) a placebo is
a) any drug being tested in a clinical trial.
b) any drug in a class of drugs commonly used as pain relievers.
c) a drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect.
d) a nutritive and respiratory organ in fetal development.
e) a hole in a cavity wall through which an organ protrudes.
2) malnutrition can cause edema because
a) there are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis.
b) interstitial protein levels are lower than plasma protein levels.
c) the resulting anemia increases blood pressure.
d) there are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis and interstitial protein
levels are lower than plasma protein levels.
e) all of the answers are correct.
3) match the following with its description.
a. acetylcholine
b. norepinephrine
c. cholinergic nicotinic receptor
d. adrenergic receptor
e. cholinergic muscarinic receptor
sympathetic tissue receptor
4) neuronal cells that are short-lived and therefore are frequently replaced are
a) gustatory receptors.
b) nociceptors.
c) pacinian corpuscles.
d) olfactory receptors.
e) retinal cells.
5) a molecule referred to as highly soluble is
a) very likely to dissolve in water.
b) not very likely to dissolve in water.
c) called aqueous.
d) very likely to dissolve in water and is called aqueous.
e) not very likely to dissolve in water and is called aqueous.
6) during ventricular systole,
a) the atria are contracting.
b) blood is entering the ventricles.
c) the av valves are closed.
d) the pressure in the ventricles declines.
e) the ventricles are relaxed.
7) the term myogenic indicates that the heart muscle is the source of
a) the contractile force for pumping.
b) a hormone that indirectly regulates blood volume.
c) the electrical signal that triggers heart contraction.
d) receptors that trigger blood pressure reflexes.
e) stem cells that repair damaged heart tissue.
8) urine is carried to the urinary bladder by
a) blood vessels.
b) lymphatics.
c) the ureters.
d) the urethra.
e) all of the answers are correct.
9) a scientifically logical guess is a
a) model.
b) theory.
c) hypothesis.
d) law.
e) variable.
10) the segment of the nephron between the proximal and distal tubules that loops down
into the medulla of the kidney and returns back to the cortex is called the ________.
a) loop of henle
b) bowman’s capsule
c) collecting duct
d) vasa recta
e) minor calyx
11) the presence of two peripheral efferent neurons in a pathway is typical of the
________ division.
a) somatic
b) sensory
c) autonomic
d) somatic and sensory
e) somatic and autonomic
12) match the type of transport with its description.
a. secretion
b. paracellular transport
c. transcellular transport
d. absorption
from an organ’s lumen to the extracellular fluid
13) which can serve as substrates for atp production?
a) glucose only
b) amino acids only
c) fatty acids only
d) glucose and fatty acids only
e) glucose, amino acids and fatty acids
14) match the response with the type of chemical.
a. sympathetic antagonist
b. parasympathetic antagonist
blocks urination
15) if a student inhales as deeply as possible and then blows the air out until he cannot
exhale any more, the amount of air that he expelled is his
a) tidal volume.
b) inspiratory reserve volume.
c) expiratory reserve volume.
d) minimal volume.
e) vital capacity.
16) how would a decrease in the concentration of iron in the blood affect the process of
hemostasis?
a) platelet plugs would fail to form.
b) coagulation would proceed more rapidly.
c) coagulation would proceed more slowly.
d) retraction would occur prematurely.
e) there would be no effect.
17) birth control methods are also referred to as ________.
18) muscle spindles are ________ receptors and cause reflex ________, whereas golgi
tendon organs respond primarily to ________ and cause a ________ reflex.
19) sensory fibers enter this part of the “h”
20) what force(s) move(s) carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli?
21) what are the end products of carbohydrate digestion? what are the enzymes
involved; where are they located; and what reactions do they catalyze?
22) name four physiological functions of calcium.
23) ________ is characterized by a thickened alveolar membrane, slowing respiratory
gas exchange.
24) carbon dioxide and water readily combine to form carbonic acid. the change in ph
as the acid dissociates can be demonstrated with an indicator dye that changes color at a
particular ph. in your physiology lab, you perform this experiment in two beakers
containing room-temperature water and indicator, labeled resting and exercise based
upon the status of the student who exhaled through a straw into the solution. the resting
student had been sitting at the table for 30 minutes before exhaling while the exercise
student had just finished sprinting up the stairs to class late. a stopwatch was used to
measure how long it took for the solutions to change color. the following data were
generated by the students. explain why the time required for the color to change was
different between groups, using the word substrate in your answer.
25) draw graphs showing the effect on action potentials in a cell following effective
doses of each of the listed neurotoxins. assume that the cell is normally brought to
threshold by an electrical stimulus applied to it, so that any abnormality is due to the
toxin. precise values for voltage and duration are not important, just a general trend in
how the action potential may be different from normal.
1> puffer fish poison (blocks voltage-gated sodium channel activation)
2> tetraethylammonium (blocks voltage-gated potassium channels)
3> ouabain (blocks sodium-potassium pumps)
4> sea anemone toxin (blocks voltage-gated sodium channel inactivation)
26) what are the five ways that cells regulate flow of molecules through their metabolic
pathways?