1) sweat glands contain
a) cholinergic receptors.
b) alpha-1 receptors.
c) alpha-2 receptors.
d) beta receptors.
e) all of the answers are correct.
2) most products of fat digestion are absorbed by
a) capillaries.
b) veins.
c) lymphatic vessels.
d) arterioles.
3) the link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to
peptide hormones is usually
a) camp.
b) cgmp.
c) adenylyl cyclase.
d) a g protein.
e) calcium.
4) viruses
a) must reproduce inside cells of the host.
b) are considered to be parasitic.
c) easily survive in the environment outside the body.
d) must reproduce inside cells of the host and are considered to be parasitic.
e) must reproduce inside cells of the host, are considered to be parasitic, and easily
survive in the environment outside the body.
5) the erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the
a) membranous urethra.
b) penile urethra.
c) glans penis.
d) corpus spongiosum.
e) corpus cavernosum.
6) match the answers to the questions.
a. true only for the sympathetic division
b. true only for the parasympathetic division
c. true for both divisions
it dominates during resting-and-digesting activities.
7) in a simple endocrine reflex, the endocrine cell is the
a) sensor only.
b) integrating center only.
c) target.
d) sensor and integrating center.
e) integrating center and target.
8) ivabrandine selectively blocks if channels in the heart. which statement would be
true concerning a patient who is taking this drug?
a) the drug would slow down this individual’s heart rate.
b) this patient must have been suffering from bradycardia.
c) this drug would decrease contractility of the patient’s heart.
d) this drug would raise the blood pressure of the patient.
e) the amount of calcium entering the patient’s heart cells would increase.
9) match the membrane protein with its function.
a. transfer signals from the extracellular environment to the cytoplasm of the cell
b. form cell-to-cell connections
c. bind to molecules to facilitate entry to or exit from the cell
d. ligands bind to these proteins and are changed by the protein
receptors
10) distinguish between these statements, explaining what is correct or incorrect about
each, and what requires clarification. relate your answers to the energy hill concept
from the previous chapter.
a. passive transport requires energy.
b. active transport requires energy.
c. vesicular transport requires energy.
11) microvilli are present on cells that, because of their function, benefit from an
increased membrane surface area. which structure(s) on a neuron provide a comparable
benefit?
a) cell body
b) dendrites
c) axon
d) varicosities
e) collaterals
12) in an epithelium, the apical membrane is also known as the ________ membrane.
a) basolateral
b) mucosal
c) serosal
d) basement
e) nictitating
13) the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the cells of peripheral tissues is
approximately ________ mm hg.
a) 40
b) 45
c) 50
d) 70
e) 100
14) which of the following does not influence the time necessary for a nerve impulse to
be conveyed by a particular neuron?
a) length of the axon
b) presence or absence of a myelin sheath
c) diameter of the axon
d) presence or absence of nodes of ranvier
e) whether axon is sensory or motor
15) accomodation describes the focusing of light on the retina by changing
a) the shape of the lens.
b) pupillary diameter.
c) the shape of the cornea.
d) distance of the retina from the lens.
16) which of the following is involved in the pathway that causes a jump in ventilation
rate at the beginning of exercise?
a) proprioceptors in muscles send information to the motor cortex of the brain.
b) output from the limbic system and cardiovascular control center triggers
parasympathetic discharge.
c) widespread vasoconstriction causes increase in blood pressure.
d) proprioceptors in muscles send information to the motor cortex of the brain and
widespread vasoconstriction causes increase in blood pressure.
e) output from the limbic system and cardiovascular control center triggers
parasympathetic discharge and widespread vasoconstriction causes increase in blood
pressure.
17) the function of microvilli, often seen on the apical membrane of transporting
epithelia, is to
a) increase the movement of extracellular fluid.
b) increase the resistance of the cell to viruses.
c) increase the cell’s surface area.
d) increase the toughness of the cell.
e) allow the cell to move through a fluid medium.
18) explain what might happen to a man taking sympathetic nervous system inhibitors
to treat his hypertension, in terms of sexual function.
19) a genetic condition in which body temperature becomes abnormally elevated is
________.
20) blood pressure is highest in the ________ and decreases continuously as blood
flows through the circulatory system, due to ________.
21) ________ can be caused by alterations in receptors or by problems with g protein or
second messenger pathways.
22) an individual who becomes dehydrated will have an elevated hematocrit. explain
how dehydration leads to an elevated hematocrit although blood cell production is
normal.
23) cells are transformed into specialized units during ________.
24) give three examples of structures whose formation involves molecular interactions
that either increase or decrease contact with water molecules, explaining how they are
similar and how they differ from each other. (hint: they all involve molecules that have
both polar and nonpolar portions.)