Structuralists are to the contents of the mind as functionalists are to the:
A. psychology of the mind
B. function of the mind
C. neurology of the mind
D. philosophy of the mind
Which of the following did Burt believe?
A. Special education could substantially improve the performance of children with
intellectual disabilities.
B. The “g” or general factor of intelligence was largely inherited.
C. Students with high intelligence should be paired with students with low intelligence
so the former could help the latter.
D. Data from the study of identical twins largely refuted the idea that intelligence is
inherited.
According to Reid, the mind reasons and the stomach digests food because:
A. both are related to survival
B. they are innately designed to do so
C. of the forces of natural selection
D. both the stomach and the mind are machines
Which of the following was true of Spearman?
A. He believed intelligence is largely inherited.
B. He emphasized the importance of subjective measures of intelligence.
C. He believed there was little reason to measure intelligence.
D. He opposed the use of statistical methods in psychology.
Examining the protrusions and depressions on person’s skull to determine the strength
of his or her faculties is called:
A. monadology
B. faculty psychology
C. craniology
D. phrenology
Mach demonstrated that:
A. there is a one-to-one correspondence between an environmental stimulus and the
mental event it creates
B. perception is independent of any particular cluster of sensory elements
C. psychology can never be a true science
D. only overt behavior can be studied objectively
Wundt was a(n):
A. vitalist
B. determinist
C. empiricist
D. dualist
According to Kant, the experiences of space and time:
A. provide the context for all dialectic processes
B. are produced by psychic mechanisms
C. result from sensations acted on by the laws of association
D. provide the context for all mental phenomena and are produced by innate categories
of thought
According to Vaihinger, the fiction of ____ is at the heart of such concepts as morality
and jurisprudence.
A. causality
B. freedom
C. God
D. compassion
Which of the following did Galton believe about individual differences?
A. They cannot be the result of evolution nor can they be inherited.
B. They should be studied only if they involve positive attributes.
C. If they are important, they should be measured.
D. Their measurement is detrimental to society and should be avoided at all costs.
For Hobbes, choice was:
A. unique to humans
B. nothing more than a verbal label
C. controlled by God
D. impossible without innate ideas of morality
Which of the following did Wechsler contribute to intelligence testing?
A. He developed the Army Alpha and Beta tests.
B. He created separate tests for men and women.
C. He created separate tests for heritable and non-heritable intelligence.
D. He resolved some of the psychometric issues in earlier intelligence measures.
With their research on the infant named Albert, Watson and Rayner demonstrated that:
A. emotions could be displaced to a stimuli other than those that had originally elicited
the emotions
B. bodily structure interacts with experience to produce personality
C. there are important individual differences among people
D. intelligence is only partially genetically determined
Wundt believed that schizophrenia might be explained as a breakdown of the:
A. emotional makeup of the individual
B. sensory apparatus
C. attentional processes
D. perceptual processes
Sociobiologists depend heavily on ____ in their explanation of human social behavior.
A. Malthusian selection
B. inclusive fitness
C. eugenics
D. innate aggression
While in psychoanalysis, the patient stops short of realizing the crucial event. This is
called:
A. transference
B. catharsis
C. psuedomemory
D. resistance
As a treatment for the mentally ill, Pinel approved of ____ and argued effectively
against the use of ____.
A. bloodletting; the use of punishment and exorcism
B. mild punishment; physical abuse
C. whirling in a chair; harsh punishment
D. bathing and mild purgatives; the use of punishment and exorcism
Humanistic psychologists:
A. reject the prediction and control of human behavior as psychology’s goal
B. see the methods of physical science as important for the study of humans
C. believed that the poetic, romantic, and spiritual aspects of humans cannot be studied
through objective science
D. argue that understanding human behavior is an integral aspect of psychology
For James, by controlling one’s thoughts, one:
A. controls one’s behavior
B. controls one’s emotions
C. places oneself in certain situations
D. loses control of behavior
Perhaps the closest psychology has ever came to being a single-paradigm discipline has
been during:
A. the Middle Ages
B. the Enlightenment
C. the period of early American psychology
D. the early twentieth century
According to Renaissance humanists, Aristotle’s philosophy had:
A. become too influential within the church
B. been almost completely overlooked
C. made religion too individualistic
D. renewed interest in the occult
The belief that educational experiences can be arranged so that they strengthen certain
faculties of the mind is called:
A. phrenology
B. formal discipline
C. faculty psychology
D. cortical expansion
Tolman’s influence on contemporary psychology can be clearly seen in the work of the:
A. Skinnerians
B. radical behaviorists
C. information-processing psychologists
D. Gestaltists
Sechenov insisted that ____ causes all behavior.
A. thought
B. external stimulation
C. emotion
D. spontaneity
Thorndike’s contention that learning occurred without ideation brought him very close
to being a:
A. behaviorist
B. structionalist
C. operationalist
D. materialist
According to Jung, we project the ____ onto the world as such things as devils,
demons, and monsters.
A. persona
B. anima
C. animus
D. shadow
For Adler, feelings of inferiority can act either as ____ or as ____, depending on one’s
attitude toward them.
A. a stimulus for positive growth; a stimulus for aggression
B. a stimulus for positive growth; a disabling force
C. a source of depression; a force for anger
D. a source of disengagement; a source of humility
Which of the following observations by Wertheimer launched the school of Gestalt
psychology?
A. Our perceptions are more than, or different from, the sensations that make them up.
B. Humans are only quantitatively different from other animals.
C. Objective reality and subjective reality are really the same thing.
D. Introspection can be used to study the contents of the human mind.
In the system of psychic mechanics, Herbart stated that:
A. ideas have the power to either attract or repel other ideas
B. the mind cannot be fractionalized
C. ideas can never be completely destroyed
D. unconscious ideas constitute conscious ideas
Which psychologist would posit that psychology is a science with a core content and
widely accepted processes and principles?
A. James
B. Koch
C. Staats
D. Matarazzo
Schopenhauer stated that we may repress undesirable thoughts into the:
A. subconscious
B. unconscious
C. apperceptive mass
D. soul