1) the cellular mechanisms for renal handling of h+ and hco3- involve several
membrane transporters; name three.
2) anne frank wrote a diary about the years she and a few others spent in hiding from
the nazis during world war ii. these people lived in the upstairs rooms of a shop,
accessible only by a hidden stairway; anne called these quarters the secret annex. one
day nazis raided the shop below, but were unsuccessful in locating the hideaways or
finding proof of their presence during this particular raid. clearly hearing what was
occurring downstairs, anne and her cohorts cowered in silence, for they feared being
transported to “death camps.” later, anne wrote that most of the residents of the secret
annex experienced diarrhea shortly after this close call. explain this response by their
digestive systems.
3) in the disease mononucleosis (“mono”), the spleen enlarges because of increased
numbers of cells, phagocytic as well as others. common symptoms of this disease
include pale complexion, a tired feeling, and a lack of energy sometimes to the point of
not being able to get out of bed. what might cause these symptoms?
4) though you are an attentive parent, you lost track of your inquisitive toddler for a few
minutes, just long enough for him to wander into the garage and open a package of
insecticide that you use to control insects in your garden. you have no idea if any of the
poison has been ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through his skin. you take the package
away from your child and read under the “caution” section that it is an
anticholinesterase. given that this poison was made for insects, not humans, should you
be worried? explain your answer. what would happen to the child if he has indeed been
affected? explain which type of synapses could be affected. propose an antidote (it’s ok
if you don’t remember a specific compound, just describe what type of effect may
reverse the effects of the insecticide).
5) compare and contrast the pulmonary pathologies that affect alveolar ventilation and
gas exchange.
6) what is a nocebo effect?
7) you are constructing working models of the heart for extra credit. your first attempt
failed because the cells separated from each other during beating. what structures did
you omit, and why did this allow the heart to fall apart? you omitted the gap junctions
in your second attempt. how would a real heart fail to function normally without gap
junctions?
8) regulatory-protein transcription factors bind to ________ and activate ________,
which tells the rna polymerase ________.
9) long reflexes that originate completely outside the digestive system include
________ and ________, which are called ________ reflexes.
10) while you study blood vessel structure in your dorm room, your roommate prepares
to bike to his favorite fishing hole. you absent-mindedly watch as he puts on his bike
shorts, which look absurdly small in his hands but stretch easily then snap back to fit
tightly. his fishing shirt is a nonstretchy cotton weave that fits loosely, with open mesh
panels across the back and armpits for ventilation. considering only the basic structural
differences in arteries, veins, and capillaries, which of the types of fabrics resemble
which vessels, and why?