The ethical responsibility of mental-health professionals to safeguard clients from
unauthorized disclosures of information given in the therapeutic relationship is the
definition of:
a. confidentiality.
b. privileged communication.
c. privacy.
d. informed consent.
Below is a sex-biased response to problems presented in couples therapy:
a. Assuming that remaining married may not be the best choice for a woman.
b. Demonstrating equal interest in both the woman’s career and the man’s career.
c. Encouraging couples to accept the fact that child rearing is primarily the
responsibility of the mother.
d. Having the same reaction to a woman’s extramarital affair as a man’s affair.
Impairment is a condition:
a. that some counselors may experience.
b. that some supervisors may experience.
c. that is always caused by unresolved personal issues.
d. all of the above
e. a and b
Practitioners need to function with ________________________; they must have a
clear understanding of the techniques they employ and have a sense of the expected
outcomes of their interventions.
a. spontaneity
b. creativity
c. intentionality
d. ambiguity
Some professionals believe that self-care is a ____________________________ for
mental health practitioners.
a. luxury
b. moral imperative
c. legal requirement
d. waste of valuable time
Laws regarding confidentiality in school counseling:
a. are exactly the same as laws regarding confidentiality in private practice settings.
b. require counselors to make their personal records available and disclose the
substance of confidential counseling sessions to parents.
c. a and b
d. none of the above
From the authors’ perspective, what should students in a counseling program be told
about the profession they are about to enter?
a. Counseling can be a hazardous profession.
b. Because practitioners use their own life experiences in their work, they are
vulnerable to re-experiencing old wounds.
c. There are stresses both from the nature of therapeutic work and from role
expectations of therapists.
d. Working with clients can open up the therapist’s own issues.
e. all of the above.
Which condition is NOT essential for malpractice litigation?
a. The therapist must have a duty to the client.
b. The therapist must act in a negligent or improper manner.
c. There must be a causal relationship between that negligence and the damage claimed
by the client.
d. The therapist must have engaged in illegal behavior.
What critical ethical issue(s) is(are) associated with managed care?
a. informed consent
b. confidentiality
c. abandonment
d. all of the above
Termination of the therapy process:
A.can be mandated by ethics codes alone.
B.is regulated by state law.
C.is decided jointly by both the client and the therapist.
D.must always be decided solely by the therapist.
Which of the following knowledge-based statements is NOT characteristic of culturally
skilled counselors?
a. They are aware of institutional barriers that prevent minorities from using
psychological services.
b. They know all the diagnostic categories of DSM-IV as they apply to various minority
groups.
c. They understand the impact of oppression and racist concepts on the mental-health
professions.
d. They possess specific knowledge about the traditions and values of the group they
are working with.
Which of the following concerns do all groups share in common?
A.training of group leaders
B.co-leadership issues
C.uses and abuses of group techniques
D.All of the choices
Which of the statements below is true with regard to clients’ beliefs about the
therapeutic process?
a. Frequently, clients are not aware of their rights and view the process as mysterious.
b. Clients may see their therapist much like they see their doctor and expect the
therapist to have the “correct” opinion or answer.
c. Clients may not realize that the therapist’s duty is to help clients find their own
answers.
d. All of the above.
Dr. Geller is a faculty member in a training program that graduates trainees who he
believes are incompetent. He has tried to address these issues with the program
administrators and faculty; however, to no avail. Dr. Geller
A.should make the conflict known to the institution and then adhere to his ethical
duties.
B.should conform to the program’s standards since he is employed there and needs to
cooperate with his colleagues.
C.should get trainees to complain to the program administrators about the low
standards.
D.None of the choices.
When we are unaware of our needs and personal dynamics,
A.we cannot harm our clients.
B.we are like most clinicians practicing today.
C.we are likely to satisfy our own unmet needs or perhaps steer clients away from
exploring conflicts that we ourselves fear.
D.it is quite possible that we are suffering from a personality disorder.
Direct client services focus on:
a. outreach activities.
b. client advocacy.
c. consultation.
d. influencing policymakers.
Which of the following is an example of a relationship that involves the blending of
roles, yet clearly has the potential to be beneficial to the client?
a. sex in the supervisory relationship
b. forming friendships with former clients
c. bartering
d. mentoring
e. combining business ventures with therapy relationships
When counselors become overly concerned with meeting their own needs or pushing
their own personal agendas, their behavior becomes:
a. annoying to the client.
b. unethical.
c. illegal.
d. helpful to the client.
__________________ is the process of distinguishing one form of disease or
psychological disorder from another by determining which of two (or more) diseases or
disorders with similar symptoms the person is suffering from.
a. Medical diagnosis
b. Differential diagnosis
c. Clinical diagnosis
d. Psychological diagnosis
In ________________________ the court expanded the practitioner’s duty to warn
those in danger to include the circumstance in which a family member communicates to
a mental health practitioner a belief that the client poses a risk of grave bodily injury to
another person.
A.Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of the University of California
B.Jaffee v. Redmond
C.Ewing v. Goldstein
D.Petersen v. McDonald
The authors recommend at least three experiences as adjunct to a training program for
group workers that would notinclude:
a. personal (private) psychotherapy.
b. experience in group therapy, group counseling, or a personal-growth group.
c. recognition that professional codes, legislative mandates, and institutional policies
alone will ensure competent group leadership.
d. participation in a supervision and training group.
In multicultural counseling, one must balance the importance
of______________________ in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment.
a. liberal and conservative views
b. western approaches and southern approaches
c. individualism versus collectivism
d. cultural encapsulation and assimilation
The ethics codes specify that informed consent:
a. is best completed at the initial meeting with a client.
b. is accomplished before the client comes in for the initial session.
c. begins when counseling is initiated and continues throughout the counseling process
as necessary.
d. is done only when the client requests it.
e. is best initiated after several counseling sessions.
Interdependence, family embeddedness and connectedness, hierarchies of relationship,
and multigenerational perspectives are familiar concepts in ______________ cultures.
a. Western
b. Northern
c. Eastern
d. Southern
Frank is a Native American college student who is seeking information about his career
choice from a male counselor. The counselor notices that he uses very little eye contact
and needs to recognize that Frank:
a. lacks trust about the information he is receiving.
b. is unlikely to follow through with his suggestions.
c. is likely to view direct eye contact as a lack of respect.
d. would be more likely to have direct eye contact if the counselor were a female.
Impaired counselors:
a. have the ability to resolve stressful events.
b. are able to function professionally.
c. experience deterioration of therapeutic skills.
d. are able to alleviate the suffering of their clients.
The following guiding principle was the basis for the decision in which court case?
“The public policy favoring protection of the confidential character of
patient-psychotherapist communications must yield to the extent to which disclosure is
essential to avert danger to others. The protective privilege ends where the public peril
begins.”
a. the Tarasoff case
b. the Bradley case
c. the Jablonski case
d. the Hedlund case
e. the Jaffee case
The authors view referrals
A.as the best option when they face a clash of values with their clients.
B.as a moral imperative.
C.as the last resort.
D.both a and b.
Most family therapy training programs encourage ______________ work and other
processes designed to engage students with their own family-of-origin issues.
A.anagram
B.genogram
C.famogram
D.pathogram
Confidentiality in groups:
a. is not protected by law in most states.
b. can be legally assured if the group leader is a licensed professional.
c. presents no ethical dilemmas.
d. can be guaranteed for the members at the first session.
_________________________ are essentially the same as psychotherapy notes. They
address the client’s transference reactions and the therapist’s subjective impressions of
the client.
a. Process notes
b. Progress notes
c. Diagnostic notes
d. Treatment summary
Even though mental health professionals may not intend to harm clients,
________________________ often is a major contributing factor in causing harm.
A.lack of competence
B.unconscious impulses of an aggressive nature
C.participation in a training program that is not CACREP accredited
D.a decreased emphasis on ethics in training programs
Kenneth is involved in a specialized professional process that involves sharing expertise
with others in the helping professions so they can better serve their own clients. He is
functioning in the role of a:
A.therapist.
B.consultant.
C.paraprofessional.
D.broker.
All of the following are arguments for licensing, EXCEPT for which one?
a. The welfare of the consumer is better protected with legal regulation than without it.
b. Licensing allows the profession to define for itself what it will do and will not do.
c. Licensing is designed to protect the public from ignorance about mental-health
services.
d. Licensing decreases the chances that practitioners’ services will be better distributed.
e. Licensing upgrades the profession.
Family therapy training programs use three primary methods of training. They include
all of the following except
A.didactic course work.
B.direct clinical experiences with families.
C.regular supervision by an experienced family supervisor who, together with trainees,
may watch the session behind a one-way mirror or through videotaped sessions.
D.famogram work.