1) Davids mother insists that he vacuum the living room carpet. But when she sees how
haphazardly he vacuums (he misses two-thirds of the carpet), she tells him, Never
mind, Ill do it! Davids escape of household chores is:
a.positively reinforced
b.negatively reinforced
c.punished
d.an example of passive avoidance learning
2) Piaget spoke of egocentrism as a characteristic of preoperational thought. Three of
the following are examples of egocentrism as Piaget defined it. Which one is not an
example of preoperational egocentrism?
a.Justin is constantly grabbing objects and pulling them toward himself.
b.Lois tells a story as if her listeners already know many details they cant possibly
know.
c.Kate cannot make sense of the question How do you think Molly feels?
d.Frank thinks that Lucinda sees the same thing he does, even though Lucinda is in a
different room.
3) Reynelda has trouble tracing a complex shape with a pencil when she is in
kindergarten, but she can do it quite well by the time she is in second grade. Is this an
instance of learning?
a.Yes, because her behavior has changed.
b.No, because the circumstances are too dissimilar.
c.Maybe, although the change may simply be due to physiological maturation.
d.Maybe, but only if she is being reinforced for tracing accurately.
4) Three of the following teachers should enhance the quality of notes that students
take. Which teacher is unlikely to do so?
a.Ms. Aguilar encourages students to reorganize and elaborate on their notes when they
get home from school.
b.Mr. Bakewell asks students to hold their questions until the end of class.
c.Mr. Carlson writes important points on the chalkboard.
d.At the beginning of class, Ms. Drew gives students an outline of the topics for the day.
5) When a stray dog wanders into a classroom, all of the students stop their seatwork
and watch the teacher try to coax the dog from the room. The students attentiveness
demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.
a.novelty
b.proximity
c.size
d.personal significance
6) Which one of the following individuals is most likely to have facilitating anxiety?
a.Art doesnt begin his 20-page research report for his psychology class until the night
before it is due.
b.Bert has heard that his statistics professor is an easy grader, so he isnt the least bit
worried about getting at least a B in his statistics course.
c.Curt cant find his car keys, and he must leave for the airport in five minutes to catch
his plane.
d.Dave is nervous about doing well in the 100-meter dash.
7) Three of the following teachers are using strategies that should help students
effectively learn and remember information. Which one is not necessarily promoting
effective cognitive processing?
a.Mr. Ayotte helps students identify important ideas in their textbooks.
b.Ms. Bertinelli has students repeat definitions of new vocabulary words out loud.
c.Mr. Canton explains the rationale underlying a complex problem-solving procedure.
d.Ms. Darwin talks about how famous battles in history are in some ways similar to the
fights students sometimes have on the playground.
8) Maps, matrixes, and historical time lines all help students learn by facilitating:
a.Use of mnemonics
b.Rote learning
c.Organization
d.Self-regulated learning
9) According to the textbook, we will form a connection between a new piece of
information and something we already know only if:
a.The connection between them is readily apparent.
b.Both things are in working memory at the same time.
c.The two things are encoded in the same way (i.e., as eidetic images, productions, or
propositions).
d.The two things were learned in the same environmental context.
10) Donald is studying for an upcoming exam. He does a number of things to prepare
for the exam, four of which are listed below. Three of these illustrate metacognition.
Which one reflects very little metacognitive activity?
a.He allows himself adequate study time for the exam.
b.He focuses his eyes on the first page of his textbook.
c.He identifies a suitable mnemonic technique that will help him remember a difficult
piece of information.
d.He periodically tests himself to see if he is sufficiently prepared for the exam.
11) Some researchers have studied the effects of modeling on childrens interpersonal
behaviors. Which one of the following conclusions cannot be drawn from their
research?
a.Children who watch generous models are more likely to be generous themselves.
b.Children learn effective interpersonal skills only from watching adults; what they see
other children do has little or no effect on their own behavior.
c.Children with mild or moderate disabilities can benefit from watching other people
behave appropriately.
d.Children can learn morally appropriate behaviors by watching television shows that
demonstrate those behaviors.