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An atom or molecule that is oxidized is also a reducing agent.
Active enzymes are often called zymogens.
Parasympathetic stimulation increases the rate of passage of material in the small
intestine.
Hydrogen bonds form between the partially charged atoms of two polar molecules, such
as the slightly positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly
negatively charged oxygen atom of another.
Carbohydrates are primarily associated with the outer surface of the cell membrane.
An individual with a pneumothorax would have air in the pleural space.
Studies have indicated that aging is associated with increased levels of parasympathetic
activity and tone.
The presence of antidiuretic hormone causes aquaporins to be formed in the collecting
duct cells.
Clonus is a flapping motion caused by alternate activation of antagonistic stretch
reflexes.
The facial nerve is the major sensory nerve from the face.
Inhibition of the decidual reaction would prevent placental formation.
Important visceral sensory information like blood pressure, plasma pH, and oxygen
concentration are carried to the brain through cranial nerves XI and XII.
During the first trimester of pregnancy, the ovaries are active endocrine glands.
Exercising at low or moderate intensity promotes use of fatty acids by skeletal muscle.
Knockdown mice are mice strains in which a specific targeted gene has been
inactivated.
One gram of fat contains more energy than 2 grams of protein.
During exercise, blood flow to the heart increases.
Dialysis fluid has Na+, K+, and glucose present so that those substances will not be
removed from the patient's blood.
Central chemoreceptors respond to changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Z discs are found bisecting the A bands.
Immersion in water will lead to increased diuresis.
Elevated blood glucose triggers insulin secretion.
Both neurons and neuroglia will easily divide by mitosis.
Epithelial tissue will bleed profusely when cut.
Blood pressure is measured directly with a sphygmomanometer.
Adrenal medulla hormones prolong the effects of sympathetic nerves.
Caffeine raises intracellular cAMP concentrations by inhibiting phosphodiesterase.
Chemotaxis is the chemical attraction of phagocytes to the site of an infection.
Nerve cells depolarize due to the influx of K+.
During exercise, arterial carbon dioxide is normally increased.
Edema may result from increased plasma protein concentrations.
In general, the onset of puberty occurs sooner in boys compared to girls.
Photoreceptors have the enzyme to re-isomerize the all-trans retinal back to the 11-cis
form.
Which of the following is NOT a derivative of cholesterol?
A.corticosteroids
B.vitamin D3
C.aldosterone
D.lecithin
Immune complex diseases are the result of wide-spread and continuous
A.inflammation.
B.fever.
C.auto-antibody production.
D.All of the choices are correct.
Acid chyme is buffered by __________ secreted from the pancreas.
A.mucus
B.bicarbonate
C.ammonia
D.urea
Inhibiting gastric function would stimulate
A.iron-deficiency anemia.
B.pernicious anemia.
C.aplastic anemia.
D.leukemia.
The Na+/K+ pump transports _______ into the cell and ________ out of the cell per
cycle.
A. 3Na+, 2K+
B. 2Na+, 3K+
C. 3K+, 2Na+
D. 2K+, 3Na+
A force-velocity curve shows the _______ relationship between the force opposing
muscle contraction and the velocity of muscle shortening.
A. direct
B. inverse
C. increased
D. no
How are the phospholipids arranged to form the plasma membrane?
A. single layer with hydrophilic heads outward
B. double layer with hydrophobic tails facing inward toward each other
C. double layer with hydrophilic heads facing inward toward each other
D. double layer with phospholipids on the outside and proteins on the inside
Nerve fibers of the ___________ tract decussate in the spinal cord and are involved in
regulating fine motor movements.
A. tectospinal
B. anterior spinothalamic
C. lateral corticospinal
D. anterior corticospinal
The LH surge is caused by a ______ feedback effect of increased estradiol.
A.positive
B.negative
Which of the following does NOT act to produce fever?
A.tumor necrosis factor
B.interleukin-6
C.interferon
D.interleukin-1
What hormone(s) is/are released when blood glucose levels decrease?
A.insulin
B.glucagon
C.glucocorticoids
D.both glucagon and glucocorticoids
Ataxia is often associated with
A. damage to the motor cortex.
B. damage to the cerebellum.
C. damage to the pyramidal tracts.
D. damage to the occipital lobe.
The primary target of the human immunodeficiency virus is
A.the plasma cell.
B.the memory cell.
C.the macrophage.
D.the helper T lymphocyte.
Which of the following is NOT a primary active transport pump?
A. GLUT4
B. calcium pump
C. sodium/potassium pump
D. proton pump
The exchange of chloride ions for bicarbonate through tissue capillaries is called the
A.chloride shift.
B.Bohr effect.
C.oxygen toxicity.
D.acidosis.
Acetylcholine can induce hyperpolarization by
A. binding to nicotinic receptors.
B. binding to muscarinic receptors.
C. binding to -adrenergic receptors.
D. binding to -adrenergic receptors.
Where is the micturition center?
A.S2-S4 of the spinal cord
B.medulla oblongata
C.urinary bladder
D.pons
The thyroid gland secretes all of the following EXCEPT
A.thyroxin.
B.triiodothyronine.
C.calcitonin.
D.parathyroid hormone.
Class-2 MHC molecles are found on all of the following EXCEPT
A.macrophages.
B.mature red blood cells.
C.dendritic cells.
D.lymphocytes.
In long-term potentiation dealing with memory, what regulatory protein do calcium ions
bind to?
A. kinase
B. calmodulin
C. CREB
D. CaMKII
Starvation decreases metabolic rate by as much as
A.10%.
B.20%.
C.40%.
D.65%.
When a muscle cell generates tension but does not shorten, a(n) ______ contraction
occurs.
A. isometric
B. isotonic
C. spastic
D. flaccid
__________ is characterized by high red blood cell counts.
A.Anemia
B.Polycythemia
C.Uremia
D.Leukemia
What is the net filtration pressure of the glomerular capillaries?
A.10 mm Hg inward
B.15 mm Hg outward
C.15 mm Hg inward
D.10 mm Hg outward
Which chromosome contains the genes for the major histocompatibility complex?
A.chromosome 3
B.chromosome 6
C.chromosome 14
D.chromosome 19
What part of the heart's conduction system acts as the primary pacemaker?
A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
What kind of connections allow epithelial cells to form strong membranes?
A. basement membranes
B. intercalated discs
C. junctional complexes
D. keratinized
____________ inhibits norepinephrine reuptake thereby it induces vasoconstriction.
A.Nicotine
B.Cocaine
C.Norepinephrine
D.Muscarine
__________ is a condition in which large number of liver lobules are destroyed and
replaced by permanent, scar-like connective tissue.
A.Jaundice
B.Hepatitis
C.Cholecystitis
D.Cirrhosis
Which of the following is NOT part of the gastrointestinal tract?
A.pharynx
B.liver
C.small intestine
D.esophagus
What is the principle sex steroid in males?
A. estrogen
B. testosterone
C. progesterone
D. aldosterone
Thyroid hormones bind to receptors which
A.activate tyrosine kinase.
B.regulate gene transcription.
C.stimulate production of cyclic AMP.
D.stimulate production of diacylglycerol.
Dizziness during hyperventilation is due to a decrease in cerebral blood flow. The
decreased blood flow is caused by
A.vasodilation.
B.decreased stroke volume.
C.vasoconstriction.
D.decreased respiration.
What is necessary for a target cell to respond to a cell signaling molecule?
A. being close together
B. a second messenger
C. specific receptor proteins
D. All apply.
Secretion of LH is inhibited by
A.high concentrations of inhibin.
B.rapidly rising concentrations of estradiol.
C.high concentrations of testosterone.
D.decreasing concentrations of progesterone.
