1) the majority of hormones in the body are
a) peptide hormones.
b) steroid hormones.
c) amino acid-derived hormones.
d) neurohormones.
e) all of the hormones are present in equal amounts in the body.
2) match the terms to changes presented, assuming a resting membrane potential of -70
mv. answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a. electrical polarization
b. hyperpolarization
c. depolarization
d. repolarization
e. more than one of the answers
to -50 mv from resting potential
3) plasma is to blood as ________ is to cytoplasm.
a) inclusion
b) organelle
c) protein
d) cytosol
e) serum
4) which of the following would increase the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane?
a) a decrease in the surface area of the membrane
b) a decrease in the concentration gradient
c) a decrease in membrane permeability
d) a decrease in membrane thickness
5) the pituitary hormone that controls hormone synthesis and release from the thyroid
gland is
a) tsh.
b) acth.
c) fsh.
d) lh.
e) sth.
6) in type 2 diabetes, insulin levels are frequently normal, yet the target cells are less
sensitive to the effects of insulin. this suggests that the target cells
a) are impermeable to insulin.
b) may have a defect in their signal transduction pathway.
c) cannot convert insulin to an active form.
d) have adequate internal supplies of glucose.
e) none of these answers are correct.
7) examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth
endoplasmic reticulum. which of the following would be a likely product of these cells?
a) digestive enzymes
b) steroid hormones
c) protein (peptide) hormones
d) transport proteins
e) antibodies
8) hypoxia resulting from fluid accumulation in the alveoli that cannot be corrected by
oxygen therapy can lead to
a) emphysema.
b) fibrotic lung disease.
c) asthma.
d) adult respiratory distress syndrome.
e) sudden infant death syndrome.
9) smooth muscle cells lack which protein(s)?
a) actin only
b) myosin only
c) troponin only
d) tropomyosin only
e) troponin and tropomyosin
10) match each term to its definition.
a. anabolism
b. biochemical pathway
c. catabolism
reactions that result in the breakdown of large biomolecules
11) each myosin head has a binding site for
a) calcium only.
b) actin only.
c) atp only.
d) calcium and atp.
e) actin and atp.
12) all but one of the structures listed below are a type of cell junction. identify the
exception.
a) desmosomes
b) tight junctions
c) gap junctions
d) loose junctions
e) adherens junctions
13) a cell membrane that is selectively permeable
a) randomly chooses which substances will pass through.
b) can change which substances pass through by changing its lipid and protein content.
c) is impermeable to all substances but water.
d) will only allow substances in or out if their concentration in the cell is above or
below a certain point.
14) glycosylated molecules are those formed with which group of organic compounds?
a) lipids
b) nucleic acids
c) proteins
d) carbohydrates
e) lipoproteins
15) homeostasis is the ability of the body to
a) prevent the external environment from changing.
b) prevent the internal environment from changing.
c) quickly restore changed conditions to normal.
d) ignore external stimuli to remain in a state of rest.
e) prevent excessive blood loss.
16) in ________, fluid accumulates in the interstitial spaces of the lungs, slowing gas
exchange.
17) sketch a graph of the length-tension relationship in a contracting skeletal muscle,
and explain its shape in terms of events in the sarcomere.
18) list and summarize the forces that influence filtration across the walls of glomerular
capillaries.
19) what is chemiosmotic theory? what is its role in metabolism?
20) autonomic reflexes are also called ________ reflexes.
21) cells of the intestine are very permeable to water while some cells of the kidney
tubule are not at all permeable to water. can you suggest some ways these two types of
cells might be structurally different from each other?
22) ________ are swellings that contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitter.
23) what is a permissive hormone effect? provide an example, explaining what would
result if the permissive hormone was absent.