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Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea causes?
a. movement of the pinna.
b. hair cells to displace.
c. vibrations of the eardrum.
d. vestibular input.
Which theory of color vision is best able to explain negative color afterimages?
a. retinex theory
b. opponent-process theory
c. trichromatic theory
d. kodak theory
What is the synaptic cleft?
a. the gap between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron
b. a packet that stores neurotransmitter molecules
c. a subthreshold depolarization
d. the storage location for calcium ions
The research that firmly established synaptic communication as chemical was:
a. Elliot's adrenaline mimicking sympathetic activation.
b. Loewi's transfer of fluid from stimulated frog hearts.
c. Sherrington's study of reflexes.
d. Eccles's measurement of IPSPs.
Timing differences can be used most accurately for localizing:
a. sudden-onset sounds.
b. gradual-onset sounds.
c. loud sounds.
d. bird alarm calls.
Branches of the optic nerve go directly to what areas of the brain?
a. lateral geniculate and cerebral cortex
b. superior colliculus and cerebral cortex
c. lateral geniculate and superior colliculus
d. prefrontal cortex and occipital lobe
Forgetting events prior to the time of brain damage is a characteristic of ____ amnesia.
a. retrograde
b. anterograde
c. proactive
d. procedural
The brain can anticipate an osmotic need before the rest of the body actually
experiences it:
a. because of the change in blood pressure.
b. because the stomach can detect high levels of sodium.
c. through detection of highly concentrated urine.
d. because of the rate of vasopressin release.
The primary difference between biological psychologists and neuroscientists is that
neuroscientists place greater emphasis on studying:
a. chemistry.
b. psychology.
c. biology.
d. behavior.
What is the stimulus for the rooting reflex?
a. Stroking the sole of the foot
b. Placing an object firmly in the palm of the hand
c. Touching the cheek near the mouth
d. A loud noise
One thing that many different causes of Parkinson's disease share in common is that
they:
a. are all curable.
b. cause damage to the mitochondria.
c. increase dopamine release.
d. occur more often in women than men.
People with a mutation in their per gene are more likely to:
a. wake up early.
b. go to bed late.
c. wake up late.
d. have high melatonin levels.
An inability to recognize objects despite otherwise satisfactory vision is called:
a. visual agnosia.
b. blindsight.
c. prosopagnosia.
d. hemianopsia.
The fact that the various parts of the basilar membrane are tightly bound together is
problematic for which of the following?
a. the frequency theory
b. the place theory
c. the volley theory
d. both the frequency theory and the place theory
Chemicals released by the immune system that attack infections and communicate with
the brain to elicit anti-illness behaviors are:
a. macrophages.
b. cytotoxic cells.
c. cytokines.
d. natural killer cells.
The most enduring forms of LTP depend on changes in the:
a. presynaptic neuron only.
b. postsynaptic neuron only.
c. pre and postsynaptic neurons.
d. dendritic branching.
People with dyslexia have ____ problems.
a. sensory
b. motor
c. visual
d. auditory
What happens to the ion gates when the membrane of a neuron starts to be depolarized?
a. Potassium gates close.
b. Chloride gates open.
c. Sodium gates close.
d. Sodium gates open.
A fundamental property is one that ____.
a. answers all questions
b. occurs only in certain parts of the nervous system
c. cannot be reduced to something else
d. cannot be explained
During aerobic exercises such as dancing, as glucose is used by the muscles, ____.
a. fast-twitch fibers absorb more glucose
b. slow-twitch muscles produce glucose anaerobically
c. glucose use increases
d. glucose use decreases
How does prolonged sleep deprivation affect human volunteers?
a. It produces death.
b. It decreases later need for sleep.
c. Brain activity increases.
d. It impairs concentration.
Someone who suddenly loses the ability to identify objects by feeling them has
probably suffered damage to what area of the cerebral cortex?
a. parietal lobe
b. temporal lobe
c. frontal lobe
d. corpus callosum
Habituation and sensitization differ depending upon whether:
a. the effect is retroactive or proactive.
b. the response grows weaker or stronger.
c. the animal's behavior changes or fails to change.
d. it occurs in all species or just mammals.
Nodes of Ranvier are:
a. gaps in the myelin of axons.
b. the same as the myelin sheath.
c. the spiny outgrowths on dendrites.
d. responsible for cell metabolism.
Which chemicals flow most freely across a cell membrane?
a. proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
b. positively charged ions
c. water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
d. calcium and magnesium
What is the result if a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting
potential to a more negative potential?
a. Hyperpolarization
b. Depolarization
c. an action potential
d. a threshold
Within the cerebral cortex, the pathway in the visual system responsible for color
information also seems to be responsible for what other information?
a. movement
b. brightness
c. distance
d. dark adaptation
What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor
muscles?
a. the ligaments and tendons that bind them together
b. learned patterns of coordination in the cerebral cortex
c. inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord
d. control of both muscles by different branches of the same axon.
The phrase "If you don't use it, you lose it" best represents ____.
a. Lamarckian evolution
b. Darwinian evolution
c. artificial evolution
d. Huxley's evolution
A 9-week-old child does not reach with the right hand toward an object in the left visual
field:
a. until connections are mature enough between the right eye and the brain.
b. because the child cannot maintain balance when the center of gravity moves to one
side.
c. until the visual cortex is mature.
d. because the corpus callosum is not yet mature.
Biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body are called:
a. enzymes.
b. DNA.
c. RNA.
d. nuclei.
Schizophrenia is often viewed as a problem with excess activity at dopamine synapses.
Opiates exert their pain relieving effects by their action in the periphery of the body.
The insula is strongly activated if you see a disgusting picture.
A tract in the spinal cord would most likely be found in the white matter.
Briefly describe the startle reflex.
Phase differences are useful for detecting localization of low frequency sounds.
Bulimia seems to be characterized by an addiction to food.
Low serotonin turnover is associated with reduced aggression.
The brain requires millions of chemicals to correctly guide the growth of axons to their
target locations.
During the early sensitive period, immature mammals have a protein called
alpha-fetoprotein, which is also present in adults.
Donald Hebb distinguished between two kinds of memory because he could not
imagine how a single kind of brain change could be both:
A axonal and synaptic.
B cognitive and muscular.
C positive and negative.
D quick and permanent.
Describe some of the research conducted in nonhuman's dealing with language.
Answer:
Answers will vary.
The hippocampus is more important for remembering the ____ of memory and less
necessary for remembering the ____.
A gist; contextual details
B contextual details; gist
C visual aspects; auditory aspects
D auditory aspects; visual aspects
After LTP is established, NMDA receptors are not required to maintain it.
The sex chromosomes X and Y are known as autosomal genes.
