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1) when eaten, nearly 90% of our dietary calories from fat are in the form of
a) steroids.
b) phospholipids.
c) triglycerides.
d) cholesterol.
e) fat-soluble vitamins.
2) the major determinant of the resting potential of all cells is
a) ca2+ concentration in the blood and interstitial fluid.
b) na+ concentration in the blood and interstitial fluid.
c) k+ gradient between the blood and interstitial fluid.
d) k+ concentration inside cells.
e) na+ concentration inside cells.
3) ________ between hair cell stereocilia ensure that when the largest stereocilia is
bent, all of the sterocilia are bent thereby gating more ion channels.
a) kinocilia
b) otoliths
c) utricles
d) tip links
4) sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis
externa is the
a) mucosa.
b) submucosa.
c) muscularis mucosa.
d) myenteric plexus.
e) submucosal plexus.
5) match the terms to changes presented, assuming a resting membrane potential of -70
mv. answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a. electrical polarization
b. hyperpolarization
c. depolarization
d. repolarization
e. more than one of the answers
to +30 mv from resting potential
6) most heat is lost from the body through the process of
a) radiation.
b) conduction.
c) convection.
d) evaporation.
e) concentration.
7) excess secretion of growth hormone during adulthood will cause
a) goiter.
b) exophthalmus.
c) giantism.
d) acromegaly.
e) diabetes.
8) when the concentration of sodium ion in the ecf increases,
a) osmoreceptors are stimulated.
b) there is a decreased thirst.
c) adh secretion decreases.
d) aldosterone secretion increases.
e) there is an increase in the volume of urine produced.
9) a. define stem cells and differentiation, and describe the different types and the extent
to which they are present during the life of an individual (include the fertilized egg as
well as the adult that eventually results).
b. which of the four tissue types contain populations of stem cells of known function,
and what is that function? which types of tissue have stem cells of unknown function?
do any types of tissue lack stem cells?
c. how do fully differentiated cells differ from stem cells? how can stem cells be used in
medical treatment? give examples.
10) match the transport process to its description.
a. simple diffusion
b. facilitated diffusion
c. both
d. neither
conform(s) to the properties of specificity, competition, and saturation
11) match each step in urine formation to its description.
a. excretion
b. filtration
c. reabsorption
d. secretion
movement from the nephron lumen to the external environment
12) draw a graph of the free energy of a molecule as a function of time for an exergonic
reaction and endergonic reaction. label on the graph "activation energy" and "net free
energy change." how would these reactions be altered by the presence of an enzyme for
this reaction?
13) the disease rabies is caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system. the
virus is normally introduced when an infected animal bites another, breaking the surface
of the skin and allowing the entry of saliva containing the virus. since the virus cannot
move by itself, how does it get to neurons in the central nervous system?
14) a physiological parameter which is regulated in an up-down fashion by signals that
are always present but change in intensity is said to be under ________.
15) compare and contrast neural and endocrine control.
16) how many milliequivalents are represented by a mole of bicarbonate ions (hco3-)?
17) eighty percent of the nephrons in a kidney are contained within the ________, but
the other 20%, called the ________ nephrons, dip down into the ________.
