1) joe is playing in an intramural football game when he is tackled so hard that he
breaks a rib. he can actually feel a piece of the rib sticking through the skin, and he is
having a difficult time breathing. joe probably is suffering from
a) a collapsed trachea.
b) an obstruction in the bronchi.
c) a pneumothorax.
d) decreased surfactant production.
e) a bruised diaphragm.
2) a drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in
a) a lower ph during gastric digestion.
b) a higher ph during gastric digestion.
c) decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells.
d) increased protein digestion in the stomach.
e) decreased gastrin production.
3) dehydration may cause some ions to become concentrated. if a person was suffering
from severe hyperkalemia, you would expect
a) the potassium ion concentration of the interstitial fluid to be less than normal.
b) the membrane potential of nerves and muscles to be more negative.
c) the skeletal muscles to be unresponsive and cardiac arrest could occur.
d) muscle weakness and increased strength of twitch contractions.
e) all of the answers are correct.
4) after a hormone has exerted its effects, it typically
a) continues to act until an opposing hormone is secreted.
b) spontaneously degrades.
c) is inactivated or removed from the blood.
d) is absorbed by its target cell.
e) is absorbed by the gland that secreted it.
5) if in an acid-base reaction h2so42- donates two h+, one mole of h2so42- would equal
how many equivalents?
a) 0.75
b) 1
c) 4
d) 0.5
e) 2
6) match the ganglion cell response to the location of the light stimulus.
a. fully excited
b. fully inhibited
c. weak response
light only shines on the surround of an on-surround visual field.
7) changes in environmental ph or temperature will cause the reaction rate for an
enzyme to
a) increase.
b) decrease.
c) either increase or decrease depending upon enzyme properties.
d) not change.
8) ventilation is also known as
a) breathing.
b) inspiration.
c) expiration.
d) air conduction.
e) blowing.
9) all of the following must occur before a second action potential can begin, except
a) the na+ and k+ ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original
compartments.
b) the na+ inactivation gate must open and the na+ activation gate must close.
c) the absolute refractory period must occur.
d) the na+ and k+ ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original
compartments; the na+ inactivation gate must open; and the na+ activation gate must
close.
e) none of the answers are correct.
10) benefits of regular exercise include all of the following, except
a) lowered blood pressure.
b) increased plasma levels of hdl (high-density lipoproteins).
c) increased levels of ldl (low-density lipoproteins).
d) decreased risk of heart attack.
e) decreased plasma levels of triglycerides.
11) atrial contraction
a) begins during the first part of the p wave.
b) begins just after the t wave.
c) begins just after the q wave.
d) begins during the latter part of the p wave.
e) none of the answers are correct.
12) match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once).
a. ependymal cells
b. astrocytes
c. satellite cells
d. schwann cells
e. oligodendrocytes
f. microglia
specialized immune cells that are confined to the cns
13) ventricular contraction
a) begins during the first part of the p wave.
b) begins just after the t wave.
c) begins just after the q wave.
d) begins during the latter part of the p wave.
e) none of the answers are correct.
14) enhancement of the postsynaptic cell’s response to a repeated stimulus is called
a) training.
b) learning.
c) reflexation.
d) facilitation.
e) consolidation.
15) which structures monitor rotational acceleration of the head?
a) cristae of the semicircular canals
b) maculae of the saccule only
c) maculae of the utricle only
d) maculae of the utricle and saccule
16) when more action potentials arrive at the axon terminal, how are neurotransmitters
affected?
a) more molecules are released into the synapse.
b) different molecules are released into the synapse.
c) fewer molecules are released into the synapse.
d) there is no effectall signals are identical.
17) jill lives in st. louis, which is close to sea level. she decides to spend a month of her
summer vacation working in the mountains outside of denver. after a week in the
mountains, what kinds of changes would you expect to see as jill adapts to the higher
altitude?
a) decreased hematocrit
b) decreased blood pressure
c) decreased alveolar ventilation rate
d) decreased po2 in the alveoli
e) all of the answers are correct.
18) during the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,
a) the stomach responds to distention.
b) secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells.
c) there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.
d) the intestine reflexively inhibits gastric emptying.
e) production of gastric juice slows down.
19) a. patrick is snorkeling (surface swimming with a tube in his mouth to maintain
breathing while his face is in the water). the snorkel tube is 40 cm in length and 1.2 cm
in radius. how does this affect patrick’s breathing? calculate the increase in relative
resistance contributed by the snorkel tube.
b.what is dead space and how does that affect snorkeling? explain your answer,
assuming the snorkel tube is a round cylinder and cylinder volume is pr2l. how does the
snorkel tube affect alveolar ventilation (assume a ventilation rate of 12 breaths/min,
tidal volume of 500 ml, and normal dead space volume of 150 ml)? if normal alveolar
ventilation is 4200 ml/min, how must patrick breathe during snorkeling compared to
normal?
c.patrick loves snorkeling, but wishes he could go a little deeper. he decides to create a
longer snorkel tube to try to achieve this desire. he isn’t sure how radius figures in, so he
makes two tubes of 60 cm length, one with a 1.2 cm radius and the other with a 2 cm
radius. what are the relative resistances of these two new tubes? do you think he will be
able to snorkel well with either of these tubes? explain.
20) an ion widely important in intracellular signaling is
a) sodium.
b) potassium.
c) calcium.
d) chloride.
e) cobalt.
21) the text states “all action potentials are identical to one another.” there is an
exception, however, where an action potential can have a smaller than normal
amplitude. when does this occur and how?
22) the pressure contributed by a single gas in a mixture of gases is known as
________.
23) the measurement of brain activity is recorded by a procedure known as the
________.
24) sonja is pregnant during the year she is taking human physiology. at each check-up,
she expects to be told that her blood pressure has increased. yet into the final weeks of
her pregnancy, her blood pressure is unchanged from its pre-pregnancy value. why did
she expect her blood pressure to increase? propose some explanations for why it didn’t.
(hint: sometimes women adopt healthier habits during pregnancy, there are large
blood-filled sinuses in the maternal portion of the placenta, and there are many
hormonal effects that are unique to pregnancy.)
25) carbon dioxide and water readily combine to form carbonic acid. the change in ph
as the acid dissociates can be demonstrated with an indicator dye that changes color at a
particular ph. following this lab in which the color of the solution was observed to
change, one lab group forgot to dump the beakers at the end of the lab period. the next
day would you expect the beakers to look the same as they did after being bubbled with
co2? if not, explain in terms of reversible reactions and equilibrium disturbance.
26) binds to mast cells, triggering degranulation