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Cycles of physiological activity that follow a 24-hour pattern are called
A.circadian rhythms.
B.biomemetic rhythms.
C.psychological rhythms.
D.cerebral rhythms.
Conn's syndrome results in hypokalemia and
A. metabolic alkalosis.
B. metabolic acidosis.
C. loss of H+.
D. Both metabolic alkalosis and loss of H+ are correct.
Which of the following may explain why self-tolerance may fail?
A.A non-circulating antigen becomes exposed to the immune system.
B.Antibodies directed against other antibodies are produced.
C.Antibodies produced against foreign antigens cross-react with self-antigens.
D.All of the choices are correct.
The extrapyramidal tracts
A. arise in the cerebral cortex.
B. always cross in the spinal cord.
C. originate in the brainstem.
D. are responsible for reflex generation ofa Babinski sign.
Which of the following is a selective estrogen receptor modulator?
A.tamoxifen.
B.raloxifene.
C.progesterone.
D.Both tamoxifen and raloxifene.
The average resting membrane potential of an axon is
A. -70mV.
B. -85mV.
C. 0 mV
D. +30mV.
The period of time when Na+ channels are recovering from their inactive state and K+
channels are still open is the
A. repolarization.
B. absolute refractory period.
C. relative refractory period.
D. Repolarization and relative refractory period are correct.
Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will
A. decrease in volume.
B. increase intracellular solute concentration.
C. increase in volume.
D. lose water to the solution.
Spironolactone
A.inhibits the actions of aldosterone.
B.blocks bicarbonate reabsorption.
C.stimulates hypertension.
D.activates Na+/K+ pumps.
The ___________ immune response occurs faster, is stronger, and lasts longer than the
__________ immune response.
A.secondary, primary
B.secondary, tertiary
C.tertiary, primary
D.primary, secondary
The conjugation of nonpolar compounds in the liver makes them _____ and water
_____.
A.polar; soluble
B.polar; insoluble
C.cationic; soluble
D.cationic; insoluble
Prostaglandins are eicosanoids derived from the fatty acid
A.palmitic acid.
B.linolenic acid.
C.linoleic acid.
D.arachidonic acid.
Which of the following is true of oral rehydration therapy?
A. It is used to treat severe diarrhea.
B. The presence of glucose aids the intestinal absorption of Na+ and water.
C. It saves more than a million small children per year.
D. All apply.
The myocardium acts as a single, functioning unit called a/an
A. multi-unit muscle.
B. pacemaker.
C. isoelectric unit.
D. functional syncytium.
A food calorie (Calorie) is equivalent to which metric measurement of heat?
A.calorie
B.joule
C.kilocalorie
D.watt
Neural stem cells in adult mammalian brains are found in the
A.cerebral cortex.
B.subventricular zone.
C.midbrain.
D.subgranular zone.
E.both the subventricular and subgranular zones.
Clotting factors are produced by the
A.liver.
B.pancreas.
C.stomach.
D.duodenum.
Kallikrein is responsible for
A.clot dissolution.
B.serum production.
C.platelet plug formation.
D.fibrin formation.
An increase in extracellular H+ concentration may result in ______ extracellular K+.
A.increased
B.decreased
C.no change in
Peristalsis is regulated by the
A.sympathetic nervous system.
B.parasympathetic nervous system.
C.enteric nervous system.
D.somatic nervous system.
Which of the following is true of axons?
A. contain receptive areas
B. very thin and short
C. originates at the axon hillock on the cell body
D. transmits graded electrochemical impulses
Absorptive cells of the gastrointestinal tract are located within the mucosa.
Which of the following organs HAS dual ANS innervation?
A.arrector pili muscles
B.adrenal medulla
C.iris
D.most blood vessels
Diuretics
A.decrease urine production.
B.induce hypertension.
C.often act on the proximal convoluted tubule.
D.often act on the distal convoluted tubule.
______________ occurs when there is significant asymmetry of the cornea and/or lens.
A.Myopia
B.Hyperopia
C.Astigmatism
D.Presbyopia
A normal hematocrit for women would be
A.30%.
B.40%.
C.48%.
D.52%.
The ability of the kidneys to maintain a relatively constant GFR despite fluctuating
blood pressures is called as
A. renal plasma threshold.
B. renal transport maximum.
C. renal plasma clearance.
D. renal autoregulation.
Stroke volume is directly proportional to
A.preload.
B.contractility.
C.total peripheral resistance.
D.Both preload and contractility.
Which is NOT true of conjugated bilirubin?
A.bilirubin is combines with glucuronic acid
B.it is not water soluble
C.it is converted into urobilirubin in the intestine
D.it is produced in the liver
How does surfactant reduce the surface tension of water in the lungs?
A.decomposes water
B.reduces hydrogen bonding between water molecules
C.covers the alveoli
D.All of the choices are correct.
Damage to the vagus nerve would
A.decrease heart rate.
B.decrease cardiac output.
C.decrease blood pressure.
D.decrease responsiveness of the baroreceptor reflex.
Which of the following spinal nerve groups is incorrect?
A. cervical - 7
B. thoracic - 12
C. lumbar - 5
D. sacral - 5
