______________ can best be viewed as an ongoing process aimed at increasing the
range of choices and the responsibility of the client as an active therapeutic partner.
A.Diagnosis
B.Informed consent
C.Documentation
D.Case consultations
Gillian believes that many symptoms stem from problems within the system, rather than
originating in the individual. Based on this belief, it is likely that she practices
a. cognitive behavioral therapy
b. cognitive therapy
c. family systems therapy
d. psychoanalysis.
Under what circumstances should a therapist consult with colleagues or specialists?
a. when a client complains of physical symptoms
b. when facing an ethical problem
c. when working with a client for an extended period of time and losing objectivity
d. when there are apparent conflicts between legal and ethical aspects
e. all of the above
Shelly, a recent graduate of a counseling program, is considering her job options. As she
applies for positions at various community agencies, she should:
A.have the knowledge to effectively work in a bureaucratic organization.
B.study each agency’s philosophy and policies.
C.be prepared to lobby, advocate, make referrals, and network on behalf of clients.
D.All of the choices
According to the authors, the first step in the process of acquiring multicultural
counseling skills in a training program should be that students:
A.take a self-exploratory class to help identity their cultural and ethnic blind spots.
B.start a social advocacy campaign and become politically involved on campus.
C.free themselves from all racist thoughts, actions and feelings.
D.have their value system conform to an “acceptable norm”.
Two processes that offer safeguards against malpractice liability in suicidal cases are:
a. consultation and documentation.
b. assessment and orientation.
c. individual therapy and group therapy.
d. diagnosis and informed consent.
The social policy of de-institutionalization, as it applies to mental-health practices,
involves the “least restrictive alternative” which requires that:
A.voluntary commitment be sought only after less restrictive alternatives have failed.
B.professionals commit clients who are delusional.
C.practitioners protect themselves from liability by getting a lawyer.
D.treatment be no more harsh, hazardous, or intrusive than necessary to achieve
therapeutic aims and protect clients and others from physical harm.
Which of the following would NOT be considered a risk management practice for
supervisors?
a. Maintain a working knowledge of ethics codes, legal statutes, and licensing
regulations.
b. Use a single method of supervision.
c. Have a feedback and evaluation plan.
d. Verify that your professional liability insurance covers you for supervision.
The managed care model stresses:
a. remediation of deeply-rooted personal problems.
b. long-term interventions.
c. curative strategies rather than preventive strategies.
d. cost-effective methods.
Research has provided evidence that therapists’ values influence the following phase(s)
of psychotherapy:
a. the theories of personality and therapeutic change
b. assessment strategies
c. goals of treatment
d. evaluation of therapy outcomes
e. all of the above
Mary is seeking abortion counseling from a practitioner who has been actively involved
in the pro-life movement. The therapist has extreme discomfort with Mary’s values and
doesn’t think he could maintain objectivity. It would be best if he:
A.doesn’t share his values with Mary and work within the value system of his clients.
B.help Mary to understand his values so she can make a different decision concerning
her pregnancy.
C.refers Mary to a therapist who shares her values.
D.set firm boundaries with Mary on what she can discuss in regards to her pregnancy.
Which of the following statements about competence is false?
a. Striving for competence is a lifelong endeavor.
b. Competence at one point in our career does not assure competence at a later time.
c. Practitioners cannot develop competence both as generalists and as specialists.
d. Being competent in one area of counseling does not mean that we are competent in
other areas.
Kenneth is involved in a specialized professional process that involves sharing expertise
with others in the helping professions so they can better serve their own clients. He is
functioning in the role of a:
a. therapist.
b. consultant.
c. paraprofessional.
d. broker.
Martina has been working at a crisis intervention center for three years and is starting to
have nightmares about her work. Despite having a strong work ethic, she dreads her job
because she feels burdened by the lack of power she has in making decisions pertaining
to the treatment of her clients. Martina is experiencing:
A.burnout
B.institutional countertransference
C.institutional transference
D.the precursor to mental illness
Countertransference becomes an ethical issue when the:
a. client’s needs assume priority over the therapist’s needs.
b. counselor’s unresolved conflicts get in the way of effective therapy.
c. client uses session time to work through his or her problems.
d. client puts all the blame for his or her difficulties on the therapist.
Schools that receive federal funding are generally bound by the provisions of the
a. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
b. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
c. H1N1 Prevention Act
d. None of the above
Supervisors need to ensure that _______________________ is/are sensitive to the
range of diversity that supervisees may encounter.
a. assessments
b. diagnostic formulations
c. counseling interventions
d. the supervisory process itself
e. all of the above
What is an accepted ethical guideline in terms of having social and personal
relationships with clients?
a. Therapists are advised to avoid dual relationships with their clients.
b. Friendships with clients always have positive results in counseling.
c. Counseling a friend is beneficial to both people involved.
d. Any form of social relationships with clients always damages the therapeutic
relationship.
e. These dual relationships are not only highly unprofessional and unethical, but also
illegal in most states.
Inappropriate socialization with clients, burdening clients with a counselor’s personal
problems, and putting clients in awkward business situations are examples of:
A.inappropriate crisis intervention.
B.established therapeutic practices.
C.inappropriate boundaries.
D.seeking balance in the counseling relationship.
Which of the following models of ethical decision making focuses primarily on the
social aspects of decision making and redefines the process as being interactive rather
than intrapsychic?
a. social constructionist model
b. transcultural integrative model
c. feminist model
d. sociocultural model
When practitioners devote a portion of their professional time and skills to services for
which there is no expectation of significant financial return, they are
a. using a sliding scale.
b. being financially irresponsible.
c. providing pro bono services.
d. suffering from a martyr complex.
________________ is the process whereby clients place past feelings or attitudes they
had toward significant people in their lives onto their therapist.
A.Transference
B.Countertransference
C.Projection
D.Mirroring
In the case of disclosing confidential information when working with an HIV-positive
client, several writers state that the therapist has a duty to protect when the following
condition exists:
A.the client is engaging in safe-sex with a committed partner.
B.clear and imminent danger must exist.
C.all potential victims must be warned, even if there have been multiple sexual partners
over the years.
D.all persons who have exchanged needles with the client must be found and warned of
possible danger.
Empirical research ____________________the centrality of the therapeutic relationship
as a primary factor contributing to psychotherapy outcomes.
a. downplays
b. exaggerates
c. strongly and consistently supports
d. inconsistently supports
Yolanda is an experienced therapist who seems to always feel more compassionate
towards the female members of the families that she counsels. What are the most salient
ethical issues involved in this case?
A.Because of her bias, Yolanda may be inclined to collude with some family members
against others, or otherwise contribute to dysfunctional family system dynamics.
B.Yolanda has been practicing for many years, so her competence should not be
questioned.
C.Yolanda seems to advocate for those with less power in the family structure, so her
stance is actually beneficial for all members of the families with whom she works.
D.None of the choices.
It is essential that a good portion of the supervisory sessions focus on
a. the personal stress experienced by the supervisee during client”counselor
interactions.
b. the interpersonal relationship between supervisor and supervisee.
c. the supervisee’s personal life.
d. the supervisor’s countertransference to the supervisee’s clients.
Potential drawbacks to the co-leadership model include
A.ineffective communication.
B.competition between leaders.
C.overdependence on the co-leader.
D.All of the choices.
The idea that psychotherapy is value neutral is
a. no longer tenable.
b. still considered a legitimate view by most counseling associations.
c. an ideal to which counselors must aspire.
d. one that is easily attainable.
According to researchers, which of the following aspects of the therapeutic process are
influenced by the therapist’s values?
A.Theories of personality and therapeutic change
B.Assessment strategies
C.Goals of treatment
D.Evaluation of therapy outcomes
E.All of the choices
Concerning counseling via the Internet, which statement is most accurate?
a. The codes of the major professional organizations offer detailed guidance regarding
ethical practices in the use of technology.
b. There are both advantages and disadvantages in using Internet technology to deliver
counseling services.
c. Most experts agree that what is being currently offered via Internet counseling is a
form of traditional psychotherapy.
d. This form of counseling is not suited to a problem-solving approach.
The legal sanctions against therapists who engage in sex with their clients include:
a. being sued for malpractice.
b. not being able to continue one’s professional practice.
c. having their licenses revoked or suspended by the state.
d. being ordered to undergo therapy to resolve their own problems.
e. all of the above
The ______________ phase of group therapy tends to be the one that facilitators handle
most ineptly.
a. initial
b. transition
c. working
d. termination
The duty to warn not only the potential victim, but also anyone who might be near the
intended victim, and who might also be in danger, was affirmed by the:
a. Tarasoff case.
b. Bradley case.
c. Jablonski case.
d. Hedlund case.
e. Jaffee case.