1) classify each scenario below as to primarily which type of work is being done.
a. chemical work
b. transport work
c. mechanical work
maintaining a concentration gradient across a membrane
2) match the structure to its description.
a. muscle spindles
b. golgi tendon organs
c. both
excite both alpha and gamma motor neurons
3) damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the
a) bowman’s capsule.
b) distal tubule.
c) collecting ducts.
d) proximal tubule.
e) glomerulus.
4) these glial cells may contribute to lou gehrig’s disease.
a) schwann cells
b) astrocytes
c) microglia
d) oligodendrocytes
e) ependymal cells
5) phosphate groups may be transferred from one molecule to another during
a) hydrolysis reactions only.
b) addition reactions only.
c) dehydration reactions only.
d) exchange reactions only.
e) addition and exchange reactions.
6) manganese ions block the calcium channels in the cardiac muscle membrane. how
would the presence of manganese in the extracellular fluid affect the contraction of the
heart muscle?
a) the plateau phase of contraction would be longer.
b) the refractory period would be shorter.
c) the heart would beat less forcefully.
d) the heart rate would increase.
e) the contraction phase would be prolonged.
7) louder noises result in action potentials in the sensory neuron that are
a) taller.
b) shorter.
c) broader.
d) more frequent.
e) less frequent.
8) ________ are a group of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth and
development of white blood cells, and ________ are diseases where patients have too
few white blood cells.
a) neutropenias, leukemias
b) anemias, leukemias
c) neutropenias, anemias
d) leukemias, neutropenias
e) leukemias, anemias
9) structural components
a. fibrous
b. globular
10) one substance has no membrane transporters to move it but can diffuse freely
through open leak channels if there is a concentration gradient. initially, this substance’s
concentrations in the filtrate and extracellular fluid are equal. later, however, the active
transport of na+ and other solutes creates a gradient by removing water from the lumen
of the tubule where it is located. what substance is this?
a) glucose
b) calcium
c) urea
d) glucose and calcium
e) glucose, calcium, and urea
11) ecgs
a) provide direct information about the heart function.
b) are most useful in diagnosing heart murmurs.
c) show the summed electrical potentials generated by all cells of the heart.
d) have two major components: waves and nodes.
e) measure the mechanical activity of the heart.
12) under normal circumstances, aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by
the
a) spleen.
b) yellow bone marrow.
c) kidneys.
d) digestive tract.
e) thymus gland.
13) due to the differences in opposing forces, there is net ________ occurring at the
arteriolar end of most capillaries, coupled with net ________ at the venous end.
a) absorption, filtration
b) filtration, absorption
14) the esophagus is a tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. it does not
secrete any enzymes or absorb any nutrients, but it does need to stand up to significant
friction and stress. the type of epithelium most likely lining the esophagus would be:
a) cuboidal epithelium.
b) simple squamous epithelium.
c) simple columnar epithelium.
d) stratified squamous epithelium.
e) transitional epithelium.
15) cysts on the kidney can press upon nephrons, raising the pressure inside the
nephrons. how will this affect glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure?
a) gfr increases and blood pressure increases
b) gfr increases and blood pressure decreases
c) gfr decreases and blood pressure increases
d) gfr decreases and blood pressure decreases
16) match the structure to its function.
a. mouth
b. stomach
c. rectum
d. small intestine
e. large intestine
fat digestion is completed here.
17) the enzymes that synthesize mrna from the start codon are called
a) ribonucleases.
b) rna polymerases.
c) dna polymerases.
d) atp synthases.
e) lactate dehydrogenases.
18) match the type of reflex to its description.
a. somatic
b. autonomic
c. spinal
d. cranial
e. innate
f. acquired
g. polysynaptic
several neurons involved in a pathway; can be complex
19)
following is a table of data collected from one section of an 8 a.m. physiology lab. there
were 20 students present, 10 men and 10 women. information collected from the
students included their height, weight, age, and resting pulse rate. in addition, the
students were surveyed to see if they smoked cigarettes, considered themselves “regular
exercisers,” if they had consumed caffeine the morning of the lab, and if they had eaten
breakfast that day. a “y” or “n” (yes or no) was recorded to indicate their answers. each
student did “jumping jacks” for 5 minutes and recorded the time required to regain their
resting heart rate, which is listed on the table as “recovery time.” finally, each student
participated in an exercise designed to measure their reaction time (in milliseconds) in
catching an object dropped by a lab partner according to specified criteria. use this table
to answer the following questions. ignore statistical problems caused by small sample
size, and so on.
table 1.3
refer to table 1.3 and the bar graph.
a. write a hypothesis regarding gender and recovery time.
b. what is the dependent variable? what is the independent variable?
c. create a graph using the averages from the data table. based on these data, what do
you conclude?
20) classify each scenario below as to primarily which type of work is being done.
a. chemical work
b. transport work
c. mechanical work
a thoroughbred horse, or greyhound dog, running around the track
21) explain the term resting membrane potential difference.
22) compare and contrast the structures and functions of the golgi tendon organ and the
muscle spindle.
23) describe the signal molecule derivatives of arachidonic acid.
24) define, compare, and contrast “clot busters” and anticoagulants; describe how each
works.
25) carmen has just given birth to her third child, and as with the first two, she stayed
home and used the services of a nurse-midwife. while her recovery from the births of
the first two children was normal and she was able to breast-feed both for two years,
she is not lactating this time and is experiencing other difficulties. her symptoms also
include vomiting, fatigue, cold intolerance, and myxedema, which worsen over the
coming weeks. she ignored her midwife’s suggestion to see her doctor the day after
giving birth, but has finally gone to an ob-gyn during the third week postpartum. her
newborn baby is healthy and thriving on human breast milk purchased from a milk
bank. diagnostic tests indicate decreased amounts of several hormones, as well as
edema and poor blood flow into the pituitary. what do her symptoms indicate? which
hormones are likely decreased? what may be the root cause?
26) the electron transport system is located in the ________ and includes enzymes and
iron-containing proteins known as ________.
27) what is an orphan receptor?
28) the excretion of glucose in the urine is called ________.
29) explain how sensory coding and processing allow the central nervous system to
communicate information on the four properties of a stimulus.