Researchers using a biochemical method to direct a mutation to a particular gene are
using the ____ approach.
a. sham lesion
b. gene-splicing
c. lesion
d. gene-knockout
In Selye’s general adaptation syndrome, the release of cortisol occurs during the ____
stage.
a. alarm
b. resistance
c. exhaustion
d. promotional
Which of the following would contribute to an overestimation of heritability?
a. Increasing the genetic similarity between people
b. Eliminating the multiplier effect
c. Overestimating the effect of the environment
d. Ignoring the effect of the prenatal environment
Investigators recorded activity from the cerebral cortex of monkeys that had an entire
limb deafferented twelve years earlier. Much to their surprise, what did they find?
a. The organization of this area of the cortex had not been changed at all by the
operation.
b. This whole cortical area had become responsive to the face.
c. This whole cortical area had become response to the opposite limb.
d. This whole cortical area had developed motor instead of sensory functions.
The result of the sex reassignment in the case of the infant whose penis was
accidentally removed was that:
a. he developed a normal female gender identity.
b. he developed a neutral gender identity with no sexual interest.
c. he only experienced difficulties during adulthood.
d. he decided to adopt a male gender identity during adolescence.
The formation of new synapses is called:
a. synaptogenesis.
b. differentiation.
c. migration.
d. fusion.
If an animal which lacks physiological mechanisms of temperature control gets an
infection, it:
a. gets cold instead of feverish.
b. gets hot only at the point where the infection began.
c. chooses a hotter environment.
d. recovers faster than animals that can control body temperature.
Like an action potential, an EPSP results from:
a. sodium ions entering the cell.
b. potassium ions entering the cell.
c. sodium ions exiting the cell.
d. potassium ions exiting the cell.
What is the major problem for the frequency theory of sound perception?
a. It cannot account for perception of low pitch sounds.
b. It cannot account for perception of low amplitude sounds.
c. It requires the cochlea to vibrate, and it does not.
d. Neurons cannot respond as quickly as the theory requires.
Most habit-forming drugs activate which type of synapse?
a. acetylcholine
b. opiate
c. GABA
d. dopamine
People with Broca’s aphasia speak meaningfully but:
a. do so without feeling.
b. do so in a monotone.
c. omit pronouns, tense and number endings.
d. omit nouns and verbs.
The term pons (meaning “bridge”) is named as such because:
a. the sensory and motor neurons connect with each other.
b. passing axons skip over the pons.
c. axons within the pons cross over from one side to the other.
d. neurons compete with one another, as in the game of bridge.
Which of the following is NOT a factor in color vision deficiency?
a. elongated shape of the eye
b. low numbers of a particular type of cone
c. complete absence of one of the types of cones
d. long- and medium-wavelength cones making the same photopigment
Which of the following is NOT associated with REM sleep?
a. increased probability of dreaming
b. facial twitches
c. EEG pattern resembling wakefulness
d. tense and active postural muscles
Concentration gradients lead to what kind of movements?
a. the general movement of ions into the neuron
b. the general movement of ions out of the neuron
c. the movement of ions to areas of their highest concentrations
d. the movement of ions to areas of their lowest concentrations
The GABA-A receptor complex controls the flow of which ion across the membrane?
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. calcium
d. chloride
When are the cells in the premotor cortex (in contrast to the primary motor cortex) most
active?
a. In preparation for movements
b. During movements
c. At or after the end of movements
d. During inhibition of movements
Temporal summation is to ____ as spatial summation is to ____.
a. time, location
b. EPSP, IPSP
c. location, time
d. depolarization, hyperpolarization
The stretch reflex:
a. results in a stretch.
b. is caused by a stretch.
c. inhibits motor neurons.
d. sends a message for a muscle to relax.
One characteristic of the brains of people with Williams syndrome is:
a. a larger than normal right hemisphere, but smaller than normal left hemisphere.
b. a larger than normal left hemisphere, but smaller than normal right hemisphere.
c. less than normal overall mass in the cerebral cortex.
d. a greatly diminished limbic system.
Cortical plasticity:
a. is only available in early life.
b. is only available later in life.
c. is available in early life, but greatest in later life.
d. is greatest in early life, but never ends.
The cranial nerve nuclei for nerves _____ through _____ are in the medulla and pons.
a. III; XII
b. IV; X
c. I; V
d. V; XII
Which of the following is TRUE about taste receptors?
a. Their dendrites extend outside the taste buds.
b. They are virtually nonexistent in the center of the tongue.
c. Each taste bud contains only one receptor cell.
d. Humans have hundreds of types of taste receptors, each sensitive to a different set of
chemicals.
Birth control pills prevent pregnancy by:
a. increasing the release of estrogen.
b. increasing the release of FSH.
c. interfering with the feedback cycle between the ovaries and the pituitary.
d. inactivating both ovaries.
A sensitive period is:
a. any time in an organism’s life when it is sensitive to hormones released by the
sexually dimorphic nucleus.
b. an early period when a hormone has a long lasting effect.
c. an early period when a hormone has an intense, but brief, effect.
d. a period of time, usually once a month, when hormones are released.
The difference between males and females in the sexually dimorphic nucleus is that it
is:
a. larger in males than in females.
b. larger in females than in males.
c. present in males, absent in females.
d. present in females, absent in males.
Goose bumps ____ in humans.
a. show fear
b. show anger
c. create intimidation
d. no longer serve a purpose
About one woman in a thousand enters a serious, long-lasting depression following the
birth of a child. What is generally true about these women?
a. They are predisposed to depression prior to the birth of their child.
b. They are less likely than other women to have experienced depression prior to the
birth.
c. They show elevated activity levels in the left hemisphere of their brains.
d. They fail to respond to tricyclic antidepressants.
Some studies have linked male homosexuality to having a greater number of:
a. older sisters.
b. younger sisters.
c. older brothers.
d. younger brothers.
The hormone aldosterone results in the:
a. conservation of water.
b. excretion of sodium.
c. conservation of sodium.
d. decreased preference for salty tastes.
What kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold?
a. cranial
b. semicircular
c. vestibular
d. somatosensory
Korsakoff’s patients perform better on tasks of implicit memory than explicit memory.
There are more glial cells than neurons in the human brain.
The parasympathetic nervous system activates the “fight or flight” response.
How does the development of external genitalia differ from the development of the
internal reproductive structures?
For most obese individuals, giving them leptin would:
A decrease appetite.
B increase appetite.
C increase sensitivity to leptin.
D produce little effect.
One effective method to overcome diaschisis after brain damage is to administer
stimulant drugs.
The large intestine absorbs water and minerals.
Which of these types of memory is MOST impaired by damage to the hippocampus?
A short-term memory
B implicit memory
C episodic memory
D procedural memory
Neuroscientists are more interested in studying behavior than biological psychologists.
Whether or not a neurotransmitter is excitatory depends on the response of the
postsynaptic receptor.
A combination of both antidepressants and psychotherapy benefits only a slightly
higher percentage of people than either treatment alone.
Damage to the right hemisphere of the cortex would most likely cause loss of sensory
or motor control on the left side of the body.
If the lateral interpositus nucleus is temporarily suppressed during classical
conditioning of the eyeblink response, what happens?
A After the nucleus recovers, the animal remembers the training fully.
B Future conditioning occurs as if the animal had no previous training.
C After the nucleus recovers, the animal learns more slowly than usual.
D Future conditioning occurs rapidly, but the animal also forgets rapidly.
Gases can be used as neurotransmitters.
Sleep apnea is characterized by sleep attacks during wakefulness.
Describe the types of memory problems displayed by Patient H.M.
Answer:
Answers will vary.
In humans as in other species, the visual cortex is more plastic early in life.