1) facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in that
a) facilitated diffusion uses cell membrane proteins to move substances, whereas active
transport does not.
b) facilitated diffusion uses a substrate to bind to a protein carrier, whereas active
transport does not.
c) atp is necessary for active transport, but not for facilitated diffusion.
d) facilitated diffusion moves water across the cell membrane, whereas active transport
does not.
e) potential energy is required for active transport but not for facilitated diffusion.
2) the concentration of calcium inside a cell is 0.3%. the concentration of calcium
outside the cell is 0.1%. how could the cell transport even more calcium to the inside?
a) passive transport
b) active transport
c) osmosis
d) exocytosis
e) all of the answers are correct.
3) nicotine is thought to cause approximately ________ deaths per year, worldwide.
a) 500
b) 5,000
c) 50,000
d) 500,000
e) 5,000,000
4) a package insert for a medication states that “this medicine is a beta receptor
stimulant used to treat symptoms of asthma, emphysema and other breathing
conditions. possible side effects include fast heart rate, nervousness, tremors or nausea.”
why would these symptoms be expected?
5) the modality of a stimulus can be determined within the central nervous system by
a) population coding.
b) lateral inhibition.
c) frequency coding.
d) adequate stimulus for the sensory receptor cell.
6) which of the following drugs would be an effective means for lowering plasma
cholesterol levels?
a) a drug that binds to bile acids and prevents them from being reabsorbed
b) a drug that stimulates intestinal cholesterol transport
c) a drug that stimulates the enzyme hmg coa reductase
d) a drug that adds plant sterols and stanols to the diet
e) a drug that binds to bile acids and prevents them from being reabsorbed or a drug that
adds plant sterols and stanols to the diet
7) which of the following individuals would lose heat faster in a cold room?
a) an adult man
b) an adult woman
c) an adolescent male
d) a child
e) a newborn infant
8) inhibiting adenyl cyclase in olfactory sensory neurons would
a) increase the sensitivity of these receptors.
b) expand the range of sensitivity of these receptors.
c) reduce the sensitivity of these receptors.
d) convert the olfactory receptors from phasic to tonic receptors.
e) have no effect on these receptors.
9) adipocyte
a. cartilage
b. destroys bone matrix
c. loose connective tissue
d. fat
e. maintains bone matrix
10) the nucleus stores all the information needed to synthesize which of the following
molecules?
a) carbohydrates
b) lipids
c) proteins
d) phospholipids
e) all of the answers are correct.
11) the term secretion refers to
a) the process by which a cell releases a substance into the extracellular space for a
particular use.
b) synthesis of a protein for export from the cell.
c) the manufacture and assembly of a material.
d) storage of a material, until it is time for it to leave the cell.
e) none of the answers describe secretion.
12) mature, less active bone cells are termed
a) osteocytes.
b) osteoblasts.
c) osteoclasts.
d) chondrocytes.
e) osteons.
13) following is a table of data collected from one section of an 8 a.m. physiology lab.
there were 20 students present, 10 men and 10 women. information collected from the
students included their height, weight, age, and resting pulse rate. in addition, the
students were surveyed to see if they smoked cigarettes, considered themselves “regular
exercisers,” if they had consumed caffeine the morning of the lab, and if they had eaten
breakfast that day. a “y” or “n” (yes or no) was recorded to indicate their answers. each
student did “jumping jacks” for 5 minutes and recorded the time required to regain their
resting heart rate, which is listed on the table as “recovery time.” finally, each student
participated in an exercise designed to measure their reaction time (in milliseconds) in
catching an object dropped by a lab partner according to specified criteria. use this table
to answer the following questions. ignore statistical problems caused by small sample
size, and so on.
table 1.3
table 1.3 shows data on various factors that may or may not be related to resting pulse
rate, time to recovery to resting pulse rate after a few minutes of exercise, and reaction
time measured by how quickly a student could press a keyboard key after seeing a
computer-generated prompt. for each question below, write a testable hypothesis,
identify the dependent and independent variables, sketch an appropriate graph of the
results, and draw a conclusion from the data presented in the table. discuss your results.
a. does caffeine consumption have an effect on resting pulse rate?
b. does age play a role in resting pulse rate? does weight?
c. is there a relationship between eating breakfast and recovery time?
d. is there a relationship between reaction time and height?
e. do women who smoke show differences in their resting pulse rates compared to
female nonsmokers or to male smokers and nonsmokers?
f. does regular exercise have an effect on resting pulse rate?
14) which area(s) of the brain exert(s) control over the autonomic nervous system?
1> cerebrum
2> cerebellum
3> hypothalamus
4> pons
5> medulla
6> thalamus
a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
b) 1, 3, 5
c) 1, 3, 4, 5
d) 1, 2, 3, 5
e) 2, 3, 4, 5
15) centrioles
a) function as pipelines to move fluid through the cell.
b) direct the movement of dna during cell division.
c) hold the cell’s ribosomes in place.
d) are white blood cells out of vessels.
e) provide shape and stability to a cell.
16) explain the steps that occur in a pancreatic beta cell so that insulin is secreted.
17) explain the differences in axon regeneration in the cns and pns, and the implications
for recovery from injury. what experiments might scientists try based on these
differences?
18) diagram peptide absorption from the lumen into the portal vein. be sure to include
transporters and label the lumen, portal vein, apical membrane, and basolateral
membrane.
19) at a(n) ________ synapse, a neurotransmitter is released to affect the postsynaptic
cell.
20) the enzyme ________ converts triglycerides into free fatty acids and
monoglycerides.
21) the initial response to sweet and umami involves the bind to a receptor, which
activates the protein ________ whereas salty and sour stimulate ________.
22) explain the two forms of down-regulation.
23) write the chemical equation catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. suppose
the concentration of h+ is increased by an outside force in a solution that had been at
equilibrium. according to the law of mass action, what must happen to the co2
concentration to reestablish equilibrium after this disturbance? what must happen to the
concentration of bicarbonate?
24) two of your physiology classmates are trying to figure out if cross country skiing is
a voluntary activity or a rhythmic activity. they come to you to determine who is
correct. what do you tell them?