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Taste and other mouth sensations contribute to:
a. hunger.
b. satiety.
c. thirst.
d. overeating.
The following are true about drugs that prevent testosterone from being aromatized to
estradiol EXCEPT that?
a. they block some of the organizing effects of testosterone.
b. they impair male sexual behavior.
c. they block some of the activating effects of testosterone.
d. they impair male fertility.
If one structure is on the left side of the body and another is on the right, they are said to
be ____ to each other.
a. medial
b. lateral
c. ipsilateral
d. contralateral
By blocking dopamine release, some antidepressant drugs that increase serotonin levels
also:
a. increase sexual activity.
b. decrease sexual activity.
c. cause permanent organizational defects.
d. shrink the SDN.
What condition would be suspected if a young child shows decreased alertness,
hyperactivity, mental retardation, motor problems, a heart defect, and abnormal facial
features?
a. fetal alcohol syndrome
b. Turner's syndrome
c. Klinefelter's syndrome
d. PKU
Drugs which prevent testosterone from being aromatized to estradiol will:
a. increase the organizing effects of testosterone on sexual development of the brain.
b. block the organizing effects of testosterone on sexual development of the brain.
c. increase heart rate and blood pressure.
d. decrease heart rate and blood pressure.
What visual capabilities did Sperry's newt have after Sperry cut the optic nerve and
rotated the eye?
a. It regained normal vision.
b. It saw the world upside down and backwards.
c. It required experience to relearn how to see.
d. It remained blind.
A small vertical strip down the center of each retina connects to:
a. the right hemisphere.
b. the left hemisphere.
c. both hemispheres.
d. neither hemisphere.
The mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome probably relates to:
a. overexcited neurons.
b. apoptosis.
c. decreases apoptosis.
d. necrosis.
What is the basis for differences in sensory abilities across species?
a. The larger the organism, the more intense the stimulus must be to be detected.
b. All organisms detect all stimuli, but only focus on those involved in survival.
c. Organisms detect a range of stimuli that are biologically relevant for that species.
d. The larger the organism, the larger the range of stimuli detected.
If the spinal cord is cut at a given segment, the brain loses sensation at:
a. that segment only.
b. that segment and all segments above it.
c. that segment and all segments below it.
d. all other segments.
Which of the following brain imaging techniques measures faint magnetic fields?
a. MEG
b. MRI
c. EEG
d. PET
The binding or large-scale integration problem is the difficulty of:
a. getting the different parts of the brain to physically connect during development.
b. understanding how neurons work.
c. knowing how the visual, auditory, and other areas of your brain work together to
create a combined perception of a single object.
d. how more than one person can perceive the same object at the same time.
Of these treatments for depression--drugs, psychotherapy, electroshock--which one (if
any) usually produces the most long-lasting benefits?
a. drugs
b. psychotherapy
c. electroshock
d. There is no difference.
Chronically high insulin levels lead to increased appetite by:
a. lowering body temperature, increasing the need for nutrition.
b. preventing glucose from entering the cells.
c. causing a high percentage of available glucose to be stored as fat.
d. directly altering the responses of the taste buds.
Which of the following events would most likely activate the locus coeruleus?
a. taking a nap
b. daydreaming
c. walking
d. hearing a bear growl in the woods
The NMDA receptor responds to its transmitters when:
a. magnesium is present in the membrane.
b. enough sodium ions exit through AMPA channels.
c. the membrane is already at least partly depolarized.
d. the dendrite is depolarized enough to produce an action potential.
What tends to open the sodium gates across a neuron's membrane?
a. hyperpolarization of the membrane
b. depolarization of the membrane
c. increase in the sodium concentration outside the neuron
d. passing the peak of the action potential and entering the refractory period
Nightmares are to ____ as night terrors are to ____.
a. children; adults
b. REM; NREM
c. narcolepsy; cataplexy
d. dopamine; serotonin
Activity in the left hemisphere is associated with:
a. decreased emotional experiences.
b. fear, but not other emotions.
c. behavioral activation.
d. behavioral inhibition.
Many of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease apparently relate to:
a. an imbalance between activity in the left and right hemispheres.
b. a decrease in metabolic activity in the cerebellum.
c. loss of arousal in the cortex.
d. increased excitation of neurons in the substantia nigra.
What is a defining criterion for insomnia?
a. a person who consistently feels sleepy during the day
b. consistently less than 6 hours of sleep per night
c. at least 50% less REM sleep than normal
d. more time spent in NREM sleep than in REM sleep
A boxer's ability to sense the position of his arm and hand before planning a punch is
dependent on the sense of:
a. proprioception.
b. somatosensation.
c. pain.
d. vision.
Increased permeability to which of the following ions would most likely result in an
IPSP?
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. calcium
d. bicarbonate
The primary method for disposal of peptide neurotransmitters is:
a. inactivation by the enzymes MAO and COMT.
b. reuptake by the presynaptic neuron.
c. diffusion.
d. reuptake by the postsynaptic neuron.
During an early sensitive period, a mammal is exposed to only low levels of both
androgens (such as testosterone) and estrogens (such as estradiol). How will its external
genital anatomy appear?
a. about like that of a normal male
b. intermediate between male and female
c. about like that of a normal female
d. either, depending on the presence or absence of a Y chromosome
Research indicates that the behavioral effects of the cerebellum may be due to its role
in:
a. coordinating information from left and right hemispheres.
b. focusing and shifting attention and organizing sensory inputs.
c. interpreting visual stimuli.
d. coordinating the release of hormones.
Which of the following means "toward the back"?
a. Dorsal
b. Medial
c. Proximal
d. Ventral
What is the process called when a primitive neuron begins to develop dendrites and an
axon?
a. Differentiation
b. Migration
c. Myelination
d. Proliferation
When the PER and TIM levels increase, they feed back to inhibit the genes that produce
the ____ molecules.
a. Tau
b. messenger RNA
c. Chronos
d. DNA
Nerve deafness is to ____ as conductive deafness is to ____.
a. the inner ear; the middle ear
b. the middle ear; the inner ear
c. disease; exposure to loud noises
d. age; disease
The eye muscles can be moved with greater precision than the biceps muscles because
the:
a. biceps have only slow-twitch muscles.
b. biceps have only fast-twitch muscles.
c. biceps are opposed by an antagonistic muscle; the eye muscles are not.
d. eye muscles have a lower ratio of muscle fibers to axons.
When someone tickles you, the tickling sensation will be carried by neurons that are
part of the _____ nervous system.
a. central
b. parasympathetic
c. somatic
d. autonomic
The ____ increases the pituitary gland's secretion of hormones that increase insulin
secretion.
a. occipital cortex
b. lateral hypothalamus
c. medial part of the hypothalamus
d. pineal gland
