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People with right-hemisphere damage have particular trouble with tasks that require:
a. understanding sentences with a complex grammatical structure.
b. spatial processing.
c. control of the right hand.
d. memory of recent events.
A stimulus that resets the circadian rhythm is referred to by the German term:
a. lichtgeber.
b. zeitgeber.
c. zeitadian.
d. circazeit.
In depth perception, different views are received by each eye, depending on the distance
of the object being viewed. What is this called?
a. retinal disparity
b. amblyopic differential
c. astigmatic contrast
d. contrasting imagery
A combination of the hormones aldosterone and angiotensin II leads to an increase in
preference for ____ tastes.
a. sweet
b. sour
c. salty
d. bitter
If a person believes that hormones released at different stages of the menstrual cycle
affect a person's mood, then it would be considered a(n) ____ explanation.
a. functional
b. ontogenetic
c. physiological
d. evolutionary
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of depression?
a. impulsiveness
b. sleep disorders
c. inactivity
d. suicidal tendencies
If someone has major depression, what is probably true of that person's relatives?
a. They have an increased risk of depression, but not of any other disorder.
b. They have an increased risk of many other disorders.
c. They have a decreased risk of both depression and other disorders.
d. They are neither more nor less likely than average to have depression or other
disorders.
Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining whether or not two EPSPs
combine to reach threshold?
a. size of the EPSPs
b. timing between them
c. threshold of the postsynaptic cell
d. threshold of the presynaptic cell
Nerve deafness often produces:
a. hearing loss in the opposite ear.
b. tinnitus.
c. inability to hear loud sounds.
d. infections.
One advantage of being homeothermic is that it:
a. reduces the fuel requirements of the body.
b. prevents excessive reliance on a single sensory system.
c. enables the individual to stay active when the environment is cool.
d. decreases the need for shivering and sweating.
A cross section of the spinal cord indicates that gray matter is:
a. densely packed with myelinated axons.
b. composed mostly of unmyelinated axons.
c. densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites.
d. composed only of dendrites.
Visual hallucinations are often associated with tumors in which brain area?
a. temporal lobe
b. corpus callosum
c. parietal lobe
d. frontal lobe
Olfactory information is processed by the:
a. thalamus via the olfactory bulbs.
b. cortex via the olfactory bulbs.
c. spinal cord.
d. medulla.
How do the retinas of predatory birds, such as hawks, differ from the retinas of prey
species, such as rats?
a. Hawks have one fovea; rats have two.
b. Hawks have greater density of receptors on the top half of their retinas than do rats.
c. Hawks do not have bipolar cells in the retina; rats have an abundance of bipolar cells
in the retina.
d. Hawks have mostly rods, whereas rats have mostly cones.
What are the two kinds of receptors in the retina?
a. bipolar and ganglion cells
b. ganglion and rods
c. rods and cones
d. amacrine and horizontal
Which statement about most psychological experiments using nonhuman animals is
correct?
a. Animals are given intense, repeated, inescapable shocks in many experiments.
b. Extreme pain and stress are inflicted in attempts to drive the animals insane.
c. The research leads to no useful discoveries.
d. The research is regulated by animal care committees.
The ____ is a structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain.
a. reticular formation
b. tectum
c. tegmentum
d. thalamus
A condition in which brain neurons have repeated episodes of excessive, synchronized
activity is called:
a. dyslexia.
b. epilepsy.
c. hippocampal commissure.
d. Broca's aphasia.
What happens when schizophrenics stop taking neuroleptic drugs?
a. They usually stop having auditory hallucinations.
b. Schizophrenic symptoms return within hours, often worse than ever.
c. Tardive dyskinesia may continue.
d. Memory problems become more apparent.
People who are lactose intolerant can consume a little milk, and larger amounts of ____,
which are easier to digest.
a. cheese and yogurt
b. Meats
c. fruits and vegetables
d. beans
How is the speed of an action potential down an unmyelinated axon BEST described?
a. the speed of electricity, regardless of the size of the axon
b. less than 1 meter per second, regardless of the size of the axon
c. faster in thin axons than in thick ones
d. faster in thick axons than in thin ones
Damage to V1 produces ____ and damage to A1 produces ____.
a. blindness; complete deafness
b. complete deafness; blindness
c. blindness; deafness to complex sounds
d. blindness; ringing in the ears
If a new species were found with legs composed almost completely of fast-twitch
muscles, what could we infer about its behavior?
a. It could chase prey over long distances.
b. It could chase prey only over short distances.
c. It probably travels constantly.
d. It probably moves slowly and grazes on vegetation.
What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is
'simple" or "complex"?
a. the shape of its receptive field
b. whether its receptive field is monocular or binocular
c. whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location
d. whether it is sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus
Right-hemisphere damage results in deficits with tasks that require:
a. understanding sentences with a complex grammatical structure.
b. memory of recent events.
c. control of the right hand.
d. spatial processing.
The sequence of bases repeated more often in people with Huntington's disease is:
a. T-A-G.
b. C-A-G.
c. C-A-T.
d. H-U-N.
Which of the following theories would support the idea that by taking out a peoples'
wisdom teeth, eventually fewer people will be born with them?
a. Lamarckian evolution
b. Darwinism
c. Natural selection
d. Artificial selection
Hypovolemic thirst:
a. depends mostly on the lateral preoptic area.
b. can be satisfied better by salt water than by pure water.
c. is stimulated by an increased concentration of solutes in the blood.
d. can only be satisfied by drinking a great deal of pure water.
Exercising at a high altitude where there is less oxygen is most likely to affect:
a. intermediate fibers.
b. anaerobic contraction.
c. fast-twitch fibers.
d. slow-twitch fibers.
Each spinal nerve has:
a. either a sensory or a motor component.
b. both a sensory and a motor component.
c. connections to most parts of the body.
d. connections to each of the major internal organs.
How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have?
a. 8
b. 10
c. 12
d. 16
Why do children with PKU become mentally retarded?
a. Unmetabolized amino acids accumulate and affect the brain.
b. Essential axons lack myelin sheaths.
c. Dendrites and synapses fail to form in associative areas of the cortex.
d. Their immune systems do not fight off brain infections.
Which of the following is NOT true about the hormone CCK (cholecystokinin)?
a. The duodenum releases CCK when food distends the duodenum.
b. CCK tightens the sphincter muscle between the stomach and duodenum.
c. CCK crosses the blood-brain barrier and inhibits cells in the hypothalamus.
d. CCK stimulates the vagus nerve and causes cells in the hypothalamus to release CCK
as a neurotransmitter.
CaMKII is directly activated by:
a. calcium
b. sodium
c. GABA
d. potassium
Eating salty potato chips increases the concentration of sodium in the:
a. extracellular fluid.
b. intracellular fluid.
c. nuclear fluid.
d. osmotic fluid.
