During skeletal muscle contraction, adjacent _________ are pulled closer together as
the _______ between them shorten.
A. A bands; I bands
B. I bands; A bands
C. Z disks; A bands
D. Z disks; M lines
Transmission of thermal sensations to the sensory cortex would be impaired by damage
to the
A. lateral spinothalamic tract.
B. anterior spinothalamic tract.
C. medial lemniscus tract.
D. anterior spinocerebellar tract.
Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by animals themselves?
A. glycogen
B. cellulose
C. starch
D. All apply.
Which of the following is NOT true of the extracellular fluid compartment?
A. It is made up of blood plasma and interstitial fluid.
B. It’s volume is regulated by the kidneys.
C. It makes up 65% of the total body water.
D. All are true.
The major regulatory center of the autonomic system is, according to many scientists,
the ______________ since this brain region has functions, such as control of body
temperature, that require appropriate activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic
nerves.
A.hypothalamus
B.thalamus
C.midbrain
D.cerebrum
Gene silencing may be accomplished by
A.removal of the gene.
B.methylation of cytosine bases in DNA.
C.crossing over.
D.genetic recombination.
What causes the release of neurotransmitters from sweet and umami tastes?
A.opening of extracellular Ca2+ channels
B.closing of K+ channels
C.release of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum
D.closing of Na+ channels
Cortisol secretion would cease if the _________ no longer secreted ACTH.
A.posterior pituitary gland
B.hypothalamus
C.anterior pituitary gland
D.adrenal cortex
____________ mg/100 ml is the approximate normal range of blood glucose
concentration after fasting.
A. 0 to 80
B. 50 to 150
C. 75 to 110
D. 90 to 120
The majority of the testis is comprised of
A.Leydig cells.
B.interstitial cells.
C.Sertoli cells.
D.seminiferous tubules.
Inhalation and accumulation of particles less than 6 mm in size can cause
A.asthma.
B.emphysema.
C.cystic fibrosis.
D.pulmonary fibrosis.
A cell placed in a 9% saline solution (molecular weight = 58.5g) would
A. lyse.
B. crenate.
C. not change.
D. swell.
Muscarinic antagonists stimulate _____________ pupillary diameter.
A.increased
B.decreased
C.no change in
Repolarization is accomplished through a
A. positive feedback loop.
B. negative feedback loop.
C. relative refractory loop.
D. sodium equilibrium potential.
What condition may be partly caused by impairment of mirror neuron function?
A.Alzheimer’s disease
B.autism spectrum disorder
C.Parkinson’s disease
D.epilepsy
Bile salts are derivatives of
A.sodium chloride.
B.hemoglobin.
C.bilirubin.
D.cholesterol.
Antibody diversity can be explained by
A.the fact that many different genes encode for the different antibody chains.
B.mutations occur in germ cells.
C.mutation of pathogens.
D.clonal production of plasma cells.
Those who suffer from macular degeneration lose clarity of vision provided by the
fovea.
Reactions that involve synthesis of DNA, proteins, and other molecules are considered
A.anabolic.
B.hydrolytic.
C.catabolic.
D.degradation.
If the binding of muscarine to its receptor in the heart causes the beta-gamma complex
of the G-protein to bind to a K+ channel,
A. the K+ channel will close, leading to depolarization.
B. the K+ channel will open, leading to depolarization.
C. the K+ channel will close, leading to hyperpolarization and inhibition.
D. the K+ channel will open, leading to hyperpolarization and inhibition.
Telomere DNA is produced from a ______________ template.
A.DNA
B.telomerase
C.RNA
D.ATP
What substance signals macropages to destroy self-cells that have committed
apoptosis?
A.interleukin-1
B.peptidoglycan
C.complement
D.phosphatidylserine
During inspiration,
A.alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure.
B.transpulmonary pressure increases.
C.the diaphragm relaxes.
D.intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.
Movement of large molecules into a cell is called
A. endocytosis.
B. exocytosis.
C. bulk transport.
D. endocytosis AND bulk transport.
Increased blood flow resistance is caused by
A.increased blood vessel length.
B.decreased blood viscosity.
C.vasodilation.
D.increased blood pressure.
Apoptosis involves the activation of enzymes called ____________, which are the cell
“executioners” that activate other enzymes in the nucleus that fragment the DNA.
A. neutrophils
B. lysosomes
C. caspases
D. peroxisomes
____________ transport does not require membrane proteins.
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Bulk
C. Simple diffusion
D. Active
What holds a protein in its tertiary structure?
A. hydrogen bonds between nearby amino acids
B. weak chemical bonds between widely spaced amino acids
C. disulfide bonds between sulfur groups on cysteines
D. Both weak chemical bonds between widely spaced amino acids and disulfide bonds
between sulfur groups on cysteines are correct.
Excessive aldosterone secretion would induce
A.decreased plasma potassium.
B.decreased plasma sodium.
C.decreased plasma chloride.
D.no change in plasma ion balance.
Growth due to an increase in cell number is called
A.hypertrophy.
B.hyperplasia.
C.atrophy.
D.dystrophy.