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1) match these terms with their descriptions.
a. gray matter
b. white matter
c. ascending tracts
d. descending tracts
e. propriospinal tracts
carry primarily efferent signals from the brain
2) covalent modulator
a. involved in phosphorylation
b. cannot be displaced by competition
c. bind to proteins away from the active site
d. reversible antagonist
3) match the cells/tissue with the hormone it secretes.
a. leydig cells
b. granulosa cells
c. corpus luteum
d. placenta
human chorionic gonadotropin
4) which event happens at the start of a cardiac cycle?
a) blood is ejected from the atrium.
b) the sa node fires.
c) the p wave develops.
d) ventricular systole occurs.
e) atrial systole occurs.
5) match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than
once).
a. dendrites
b. axon
c. cell body
may be covered with myelin
6) a polysynaptic reflex has at least ________ in the reflex pathway.
a) one synapse
b) two synapses
c) two neurons
d) three neurons
e) two synapses and three neurons
7) a motor unit consists of
a) one neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it controls.
b) one skeletal muscle fiber and all the neurons that control that fiber.
c) one skeletal muscle fiber and the neuron that controls that fiber.
d) one axon terminal branch and the myofibrils it controls.
8) which type of synapse is most prevalent in the nervous system?
a) chemical
b) electrical
c) mechanical
d) processing
e) radiative
9) a blind spot in the retina occurs where
a) the fovea is located.
b) ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells.
c) the optic nerve leaves the eye.
d) rod cells are clustered to form the macula.
e) amacrine cells are located.
10) the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the
a) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue.
b) activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen.
c) release of tissue factor by a damaged endothelium.
d) release of heparin from the liver.
e) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
11) match these brain areas with their locations.
a. primary somatic sensory cortex
b. visual cortex
c. auditory cortex
d. association areas
all lobes
12) how would the lack of a required cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's
function?
a) the enzyme's function would not be altered.
b) the enzyme would function more slowly.
c) the enzyme would function more quickly.
d) the enzyme would not be able to function.
13) the ion channels that transduce the vibration of the cochlea into receptor potentials
are located on the
a) stereocilia.
b) tectorial membrane.
c) helicotrema.
d) cochlear duct.
e) basilar membrane.
14) within a single fiber, the tension developed during a twitch depends upon the
a) amplitude of the action potential.
b) length of the sarcomeres prior to contraction.
c) length of the thick filament.
d) duration of the stimulus.
15) the flexion reflex
a) prevents a muscle from overstretching.
b) prevents a muscle from generating damaging tension.
c) moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.
d) makes adjustments in other parts of the body in response to a particular stimulus.
e) is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.
16) in the condition known as cryptorchidism,
a) the testes fail to descend into the scrotum.
b) the testes are surgically removed.
c) the foreskin has been surgically removed.
d) sperm cells are not produced.
e) the prostate gland is enlarged.
17) a person's blood type is determined by
a) the size of the red blood cells.
b) the shape of the red blood cells.
c) the chemical character of the hemoglobin.
d) the presence or absence of specific glycoprotein molecules on their cell membrane.
e) the number of specific molecules on the cell membrane.
18) decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with digestion of
a) protein.
b) fat.
c) carbohydrates.
d) nucleic acids.
e) vitamins and minerals.
19) match the structures with the accurate description.
a. muscle fiber
b. fascicle
c. sarcolemma
d. myofibril
e. t-tubules
the muscle cell membrane
20) explain why calling receptors for noxious stimuli "pain receptors" is inaccurate.
what is the more accepted term for these receptors?
21) in the study by morewedge et al., subjects that imagined eating 30 m&m's one at a
time ate fewer real m&m's than subjects who thought about eating only 3 m&m's. what
possible reason can you think of to explain this observation?
22) an adult with cretinism has incomplete manifestation of puberty (e.g., scant pubic
hair), abnormal facial features, dwarfism, and mental retardation. explain what causes
these symptoms. how is cretin dwarfism different from pituitary dwarfism? how could
cretinism be prevented?
23) the ________ group of neurons contains mostly inspiratory neurons. the ________
group of neurons controls muscles used for active expiration and some inspiratory
muscles.
24) the ________ is a salty fluid continuously secreted into hollow cavities known as
________. this fluid is secreted into these cavities by the ________, a specialized tissue
consisting of capillaries and transport epithelium.
25) compare and contrast neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine reflex pathways.
26) baroreceptors have stretch-sensitive ion channels in their cell membrane. increased
pressure on the membrane opens the channels and allows ion flow that initiates action
potentials. what kind of ion probably flows through these channels and in which
direction?
27) cell membranes are said to be ________ because they allow some substances to
pass but not others.
28) summarize the steps of the coagulation cascade.
