1) ________ hearing loss results from conditions that affect the ability of sound wave
that have entered the external ear from generating/transmitting a vibration that will
reach the cochlea.
2) which of the following acts as the earliest form of defense against exogenous
pathogens in the list?
a) inflammation
b) lymphocytes
c) macrophages
d) skin
3) match the answers to the questions.
a. true only for the sympathetic division
b. true only for the parasympathetic division
c. true for both divisions
on average, one preganglionic neuron synapses with eight or nine postganglionic
neurons, each innervating a different target.
4) physiology is the study of
a) the structure of the body.
b) the tissues and organs of the body at the microscopic level.
c) growth and reproduction.
d) the normal functions of the organ systems.
e) the facial features as an indication of personality.
5) the reflex that complements a withdrawal reflex by making compensatory
adjustments on the opposite side of the body receiving the stimulus is the
a) stretch reflex.
b) tendon reflex.
c) flexor reflex.
d) crossed extensor reflex.
e) reciprocal reflex.
6) which of the following factors increases basal metabolic rate?
a) only thyroid hormones
b) only acetylcholine
c) only insulin
d) only epinephrine
e) thyroid hormones and epinephrine
7) match the disease with the description.
a. addison’s disease
b. cushing’s disease
c. graves’ disease
d. paget’s disease
may be an autoimmune disease
8) the most abundant proteins in blood plasma are
a) globulins.
b) transport proteins.
c) albumins.
d) lipoproteins.
e) fibrinogens.
9) a condition known as lactose intolerance is characterized by painful abdominal
cramping, gas, and diarrhea. the cause of the problem is an inability to digest the milk
sugar, lactose. how would this cause the observed symptoms? why is yogurt less likely
to trigger the symptoms?
10) the mean arterial pressure (map) is important because
a) it represents the driving pressure for blood flow.
b) it reflects the difference in time that systole lasts compared to diastole.
c) it forces the practitioner to do math, thus they must pay attention to the values
obtained.
d) it represents the driving pressure for blood flow and it reflects the difference in time
that systole lasts compared to diastole.
e) all of the answers are correct.
11) the inhibitory neurotransmitters of the cns, gaba and glycine, act by opening
________ channels.
a) only na+
b) only cl-
c) only k+
d) only ca2+
e) na+ and k+
12) match each term with the appropriate description.
a. peptide hormone
b. steroid hormone
c. amino acid-derived hormone
d. anterior pituitary
e. hypothalamus
f. posterior pituitary
derivatives of tyrosine
13) convergence describes
a) the reason why receptive fields are so small.
b) how one primary sensory receptor neurons synapses with a secondary neuron.
c) how multiple primary sensory neurons synapse on a single secondary neuron.
d) how receptive fields can overlap with one another.
14) which is a system that influences motor output, according to larry swanson?
a) emotional state
b) reflexive
c) behavioral state
d) emergent
e) diffuse modulatory
15) the neurotransmitter thought to be involved in learning and memory is
a) norepinephrine.
b) glutamate.
c) acetylcholine.
d) gaba.
e) glycine.
16) what is the benefit of having some of the cellular organelles enclosed by a
membrane similar to the cell (plasma) membrane?
17) which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?
a) stomach
b) pancreas
c) spleen
d) colon
e) esophagus
18) increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will
a) increase the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli.
b) decrease the rate of oxygen diffusion from the alveoli to the blood.
c) increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.
d) decrease the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from the blood to the alveoli.
e) have no effect on either the partial pressure or diffusion rate of gases.
19) if the membranes of the cardiac muscle cells in the sa node become more permeable
to potassium ions,
a) the heart rate will increase.
b) the heart rate will decrease.
c) the membrane will depolarize.
d) the stroke volume will increase.
e) the intracellular concentration of calcium ion will increase.
20) if a substance has a ph that is less than 7, it is considered
a) neutral.
b) acidic.
c) alkaline.
d) a buffer.
e) a salt.
21) compare and contrast hormones, neurotransmitters, and neurohormones.
22) the structures that regulate blood flow into single capillaries within a tissue are
________.
23) list and explain the factors that influence gas diffusion in the lungs.
24) timmy is a cantankerous toddler who has just threatened that he will hold his breath
until mom gives him some chocolate. his mother refuses to be manipulated and watches
in amusement as timmy stubbornly refuses to breathe. to her horror, timmy loses
consciousness and collapses onto the floor. her cousin, who is enrolled in a course for
emergency medical technical (emt) training, is visiting, and tells her there is no need to
call for an ambulance. why did timmy lose consciousness? should his mother trust her
instincts and call for help and begin cpr, or should she listen to her well-meaning but
young and inexperienced cousin? explain.
25) explain why transporting epithelial cells are said to be polarized. what does it mean
when a nerve cell is said to be polarized?
26) describe the classic steps for identifying an endocrine gland. are these steps
practical for identifying the sources of all the hormones we know of today? explain.
27) you and your lab partner have prepared a frog nerve for gathering data on action
potentials. you connect an electronic stimulator to the nerve and ask your partner to
gradually increase the voltage until you see an action potential. your partner says that
the voltage knob is stuck, that is, it will not increase the voltage. is there another way to
trigger action potentials using this stimulator? if so, what do you tell your partner to do?
28) the percentage of total plasma volume that filters is called the ________.
29) ________ is a naturally occurring stimulant in food, which acts upon ________
receptors.
30) in males, which cells are the primary targets for lh? what effect does the hormone
have on these cells?