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1) which functions are controlled through the autonomic nervous system?
1> blood pressure
2> heart rate
3> water balance
4> temperature regulation
a) 1 and 2
b) 1 and 3
c) 1, 2, 3
d) 2, 3, 4
e) 1, 2, 3, 4
2) as a result of respiratory alkalosis,
a) the respiratory rate increases.
b) the tidal volume increases.
c) the kidneys conserve bicarbonate.
d) the kidneys secrete fewer hydrogen ions.
e) the body retains less carbon dioxide.
3) the integrating center for neural control of blood pressure resides in the
a) cerebrum.
b) cerebellum.
c) medulla oblongata.
d) pons variolli.
e) hypothalamus.
4) match the structure to its description.
a. muscle spindles
b. golgi tendon organs
c. both
in order to flex a limb, the extensors must first be relaxed and vice versa. this is done by
a process called ________.
5) spatial summation refers to
a) electrical signals reaching neurons from outer space.
b) multiple graded potentials arriving at one location simultaneously.
c) repeated graded potentials reaching the trigger zone one after the other.
d) suprathreshold potentials triggering action potentials that are extra large.
e) all of the answers are correct.
6) match the structure to its function.
a. mouth
b. stomach
c. rectum
d. small intestine
e. large intestine
carbohydrate digestion is completed here.
7) in the late follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, lh is ________ fsh.
a) greater than
b) less than
c) equal to
8) saliva is
a) slightly acidic, with a ph of 6-7.
b) controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
c) stimulated by sympathetic innervation.
d) secreted from endocrine glands.
e) slightly acidic, with a ph of 6-7 and controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
9) blood flow through the kidney includes a feature seen in only a few organs. what is
it?
a) portal system
b) arterial shunts
c) vascular sinuses
d) veins containing highly oxygenated blood
e) anastomoses
10) put these structures of the visual system in the order that they transmit light to the
retina.
1> lens
2> aqueous humor
3> cornea
4> vitreous humor
a) 3, 4, 1, 2
b) 3, 2, 1, 4
c) 1, 2, 3, 4
d) 1, 4, 3, 2
e) 2, 3, 4, 1
11) before converting amino acids into intermediates for energy metabolism, they must
first undergo
a) denaturation.
b) deamination.
c) detoxification.
d) depeptidization.
e) delousing.
12) emission is defined as
a) engorgement of the penis.
b) movement of sperm into the urethra.
c) movement of sperm out of the penis.
d) loss of erection following orgasm.
e) failure to achieve ejaculation.
13) the mixed cranial nerve that projects to and from internal organs, muscles, and
glands is the ________ nerve.
a) trochlear
b) spinal accessory
c) trigeminal
d) vagus
e) glossopharyngeal
14) can be cell-matrix junctions
a. gap junction
b. tight junction
c. anchoring junction
15) microtubules
a) are composed of tubulin.
b) are hollow, filamentous structures.
c) form cilia that aid in cell movement.
d) are the largest cytoplasmic fibers.
e) all of the answers are correct.
16) the binding of lipophilic messengers, such as steroid hormones, to their receptors
triggers
a) adenylyl cyclase activation.
b) cyclic nucleotide formation.
c) g protein inhibition.
d) gene transcription.
e) protein kinase activation.
17) you mix one liter of 300 mosm nacl with two liters 450 mosm glucose.
a. what is the osmolarity of the new solution?
b. what is the final osmolarity of the nacl in the new solution?
c. what is the final osmolarity of glucose in the new solution?
d. what is the tonicity of this new solution compared to a red blood cell with 300 mosm
nonpenetrating solute?
18) which organ is not part of the cardiovascular system and plays an important role in
regulating blood pressure?
a) liver
b) spleen
c) lung
d) kidney
e) skin
19) match the structure to its description.
a. muscle spindles
b. golgi tendon organs
c. both
have gamma motor neurons that innervate internal fibers
20) define polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonding. which of
these bonds involves more than one molecule? which of these bonds is/are important in
determining the properties of water? explain.
21) in 1848, a railroad foreman named phineas gage was injured in an explosion, when
a tamping iron penetrated his skull and caused brain damage; surprisingly, he survived.
the rod was 1.25" in diameter and 3.5' long. after the accident he was able to speak, get
himself up and down from a cart, and climb a flight of stairs to see the local physicians.
years later, the doctors reported that he physically recovered, but the balance between
his intellectual facilities and animal propensities was destroyed. he was no longer
mild-mannered, kind, and respectful; he grew obstinate, ill-tempered, and showed little
self-restraint. based on this story, what area(s) of the brain (and/or systems) do you
think he injured and why?
22) in the process of ________ a phosphate group is attached to a molecule.
23) nociceptors activate ________ pathways that provide for the conscious perception
of the pain.
24) millie's grandfather suffers from congestive heart failure. whenever she visits him,
she notices that his ankles and feet appear to be quite swollen. she knows that you are
an avid student of anatomy and physiology, and she asks you why this occurs. what
would you tell her?
