1) match each term with its definition.
a. cardiac output (co)
b. heart rate (hr)
c. end-diastolic volume (edv)
d. stroke volume (sv)
e. end-systolic volume (esv)
the volume of blood circulated by the heart in one minute
2) glycolytic metabolism is also known as
a) aerobic metabolism.
b) anaerobic metabolism.
c) gluconeogenesis.
d) glycogenesis.
e) beta-oxidation.
3) all of the following are types of mediated transport except one. identify the
exception.
a) facilitated diffusion
b) primary active transport
c) simple diffusion
d) secondary active transport
4) match the structure to its description.
a. muscle spindles
b. golgi tendon organs
c. both
have afferent neurons that bring information to the cns
5) action potentials are primarily associated with the membranes of
a) dendrites only.
b) cell bodies only.
c) axons only.
d) dendrites and axons.
e) cell bodies and axons.
6) steroid hormones are synthesized in the ________ of the cell.
a) rough endoplasmic reticulum
b) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) golgi apparatus
d) mitochondria
e) nucleus
7) the ecg of a person suffering from complete heart block would show
a) an increased pr interval.
b) an inverted p wave.
c) no visible t wave.
d) a smaller qrs complex.
e) more p waves than qrs complexes per minute.
8) match each hormone with its primary source.
a. prolactin
b. insulin
c. aldosterone
d. melatonin
e. calcitonin
f. epinephrine
anterior pituitary
9) cortisol has the following effects:
a) suppresses the immune system.
b) causes positive calcium balance.
c) influences brain function.
d) suppresses the immune system and causes positive calcium balance.
e) suppresses the immune system and influences brain function.
10) increased blood calcium levels result in increased
a) secretion of calcitonin.
b) secretion of parathyroid hormone.
c) retention of calcium by the kidneys.
d) osteoclast activity.
e) excitability of neural membranes.
11) nucleic acids are polymers of units called
a) amino acids.
b) fatty acids.
c) bases.
d) ribose.
e) nucleotides.
12) sweat glands contain
a) cholinergic receptors.
b) alpha receptors.
c) beta receptors.
d) all of the answers are correct.
e) none of the answers are correct.
13) two hours before major surgery is to begin, the patient experiences “jitters,” an
elevated heart rate and blood pressure, increased rate of breathing, cold sweats, and an
urge to urinate. these symptoms are the result of
a) sympathetic activation.
b) decreased levels of epinephrine in the blood.
c) decreased activity of sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus.
d) increased parasympathetic activity.
e) all of these mechanisms.
14) the structure whose abnormal function is associated with parkinson’s disease is the
a) spinal cord.
b) basal ganglia.
c) cerebellum.
d) primary motor cortex.
e) skeletal muscle.
15) select the corresponding category:
a. membranous organelle
b. inclusion
mitochondrion
16) match the change in gas composition with the response (disregard weak responses).
a. po2 increases.
b. pco2 increases.
c. po2 decreases.
d. pco2 decreases.
arterioles: systemic constrict, pulmonary dilate.
17) ________ is an increase in blood flow that accompanies an increase in metabolic
activity.
18) describe the sources, targets, and primary effects of the hormones of calcium
metabolism.
19) define hyperventilation and explain what may cause it. is the increased ventilation
that occurs while exercising an example of hyperventilation? explain your answer. how
are po2 and pco2 affected by hyperventilation? can breathing into a paper bag remedy
hyperventilation or is this just unfounded folk medicine? explain.
20) explain why animals are used in research. are there any limitations to the
application of animal data to human physiology? could these limitations be addressed
using cell or tissue culture, or computer simulations?
21) explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood. how does the
means of transport relate to the solubility and chemical reactivity of these gases in
plasma?
22) ions with a negative charge are called ________.