1) Mandy has learned that whenever her father comes home drunk, he is likely to beat
her, so she usually goes to her friends house before he has the chance. In this situation,
the fathers coming home drunk is:
a.Punishment I
b.Punishment II
c.An unconditioned stimulus
d.A pre-aversive stimulus
2) At the beginning of the school year, Mr. Webber is concerned that Frances rarely
does her independent seatwork. He begins praising Frances for each seatwork
assignment she completes, and by January she is completing her assignments regularly.
To make sure that the behavior continues in the years to come, what would behaviorists
tell Mr. Webber to do now?
a.Praise her more often than before.
b.Praise her for only some of her completed assignments.
c.Punish Frances when she doesnt complete an assignment.
d.Switch from a social reinforcer to an activity reinforcer.
3) To help Kathy overcome her fear of the new family puppy, her father gives her a hot
fudge sundae and then, while she eats it, gradually brings the puppy closer and closer to
her. The procedure works because Kathy cannot be happy eating the ice cream and
fearful about the puppy at the same time. Being happy and being fearful are, in this
situation,
a.a conditioned response and an unconditioned response, respectively
b.unconditioned responses
c.an involuntary response and a voluntary response, respectively
d.incompatible responses
4) Loretta has been painting graffiti on the school walls after school hours. The school
principal and the school counselor discuss the problem. The counselor thinks they
should try to eliminate the graffiti-painting by asking her to chair a clean-up-the-school
committee, then giving her school-wide recognition for her efforts. The counselor is
suggesting:
a.extinction
b.noncontingent reinforcement
c.the reinforcement of an incompatible behavior
d.Punishment II
5) Which one of the following students clearly has a performance goal rather than a
mastery goal?
a.Alec is bored by easy assignments.
b.Blanche always does more than her teacher requires.
c.Christina persists when she encounters a difficult math problem.
d.Devon evaluates his own performance based on how his classmates do.
6) Which one of the following is the best example of a core goal?
a.Wanting to do well in school
b.Wanting to find a date for the senior prom
c.Looking desperately for something to drink after a day working in the hot sun
d.Trying to find misplaced car keys when one is late for an appointment
7) Which one of the following students is definitely working in his or her zone of
proximal development?
a.Arnold uses correct grammar and punctuation when he writes short stories.
b.Berta is beginning to learn basic woodworking techniques. She has trouble
hammering a nail straight into a piece of wood unless her teacher stands beside her,
helping her and reminding her of what to do.
c.Calvin is playing the clarinet in the band. He finds that it helps to keep the tempo if he
taps the beat with his foot.
d.Doreen finds it virtually impossible to solve mathematical word problems, even when
her teacher gives her helpful hints.
8) Linda wears bell-bottom pants to school, and her classmates tease her about them. As
soon as she gets home, Linda throws the pants in the trash. Lindas being teased is an
example of:
a.Negative reinforcement
b.Avoidance learning
c.Punishment I
d.Punishment II
9) Mr. Limpitlaw wants to increase his female students self-efficacy for mastering
simple car maintenance procedures. He can best do this by:
a.Presenting a film that shows an experienced auto mechanic at work
b.Describing how easily he learned these things when he was their age
c.Having the students read a book with clear, step-by-step instructions for changing the
oil and the air filter
d.Having the students watch other girls successfully change the oil and the air filter
10) A guest speaker is coming to Mr. Fisks third-grade classroom, and he wants his
students to treat the speaker with courtesy and respect. He decides to give his students
15 minutes of free time if they show appropriate behavior during the guests visit. From
the perspective of social cognitive theory, Mr. Fisks reinforcement is likely to work
only if his students:
a.Also experience intrinsic reinforcement for good behavior
b.Expect that this consequence will follow their good behavior
c.Have previously been directly reinforced for such behavior
d.Have previously been vicariously reinforced for such behavior
11) Three of the following are typically associated with mastery goals. Which one is
associated with performance goals, and especially with performance-avoidance goals?
a.Believing that competent people usually succeed without much effort
b.Believing that errors are an inevitable part of the learning process
c.Engaging in such processes as meaningful learning and elaboration
d.Being satisfied with ones performance if it shows improvement over time
12) From a propositional network perspective of long-term memory, meaningful
learning is best described as a process of:
a.Modifying the arguments of existing propositions
b.Modifying the relations of existing propositions
c.Connecting one or more new propositions to the network
d.Hierarchically organizing existing propositions within the network
13) Which one of the following is the best example of state anxiety rather than trait
anxiety?
a.Thea is often nervous in math class, where she rarely participates unless her teacher
specifically calls on her. She sits quietly at her desk and doesnt interact with her
classmates because she finds it hard to do so without shaking.
b.Urie is an excellent student, but he has considerable trouble speaking to others in any
of his classes. He performs very well on tests and other written work, but he gets
exceptionally anxious during group work and oral reports.
c.Viola becomes nervous when she has to give a presentation in front of her English
class. This is the first time she has ever had to do something like this and she doesnt
know how well she will do.
d.Wendell becomes nervous whenever he has to take any kind of paper-pencil test, even
when he knows what questions are going to be on the test and is thoroughly prepared.
14) Which one of the following teachers is clearly keeping the notion of situated
learning in mind as he or she helps students transfer what they are learning in school?
a.Ms. Sporer asks her students to speculate about what might have happened if the
Europeans had not discovered the New World until the 1800s.
b.Mr. Mendoza makes sure that each one of the students in his instrumental music class
knows the difference between the treble and bass clefs.
c.Ms. Sabih gives each of her elementary art students a hunk of clay and then says, Id
like you to mold your clay into a mythical creature of some kindinto an animal that no
one has ever seen before.
d.Mr. Gerberg takes his middle school math students to the grocery store so that they
can use their math skills to do some comparison shopping.
15) Jim has a high sense of self-efficacy regarding his ability to work with his hands.
Based on this information, we would predict three of the following from social
cognitive theory. Which one would we not necessarily predict?
a.Jim will frequently choose activities that involve working with his hands.
b.Jim will be a bit careless when he works with his hands, so he will frequently make
silly little mistakes.
c.Compared to Joe, who has low self-efficacy, Jim will do a better job at such hands-on
tasks.
d.If Jim has difficulty at a task requiring his handiwork, he will tend to try, try again
until he gets it right.
16) Classical conditioning typically occurs when:
a.A response is followed by two stimuli
b.A response is followed by a single aversive stimulus
c.Two stimuli are presented at about the same time
d.Two responses occur (usually coincidentally) at about the same time
17) Mark and Meg are two eighth-grade students who have just failed a math test.
Considering gender differences in students explanations for failure, how are the two
students likely to explain their poor test performance?
a.Mark will think he failed because he just cant do math. Meg will think, I got an F
because I didnt work hard enough on this subjectI could have studied more.
b.Mark will attribute his failure to a lack of effort, thinking, I didnt study very hard
because I dont care about getting good grades. Meg will think, Im just not very good at
math.
c.Mark will think that he isnt very lucky when it comes to tests, and Meg will think that
she failed because she didnt have friends that could help her study.
d.Mark will think, I got an F because Im not smart enough to do this math. Meg will
think, I failed because the teacher hates me and the test wasnt fair.