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At rest, most blood is within the venous system.
T cells have receptors for antigens and will bind to free antigens like B cells.
The platelet release reaction is initiated by platelets binding to exposed collagen in a
broken membrane.
The term proteome refers to all of the genes in a particular individual.
Acids release hydrogen ions into solutions.
The kidneys can directly reabsorb bicarbonate.
The secretion of many hormones is regulated through negative feedback inhibition.
Water-soluble hormones bind to receptors located within the plasma membrane.
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase would potentially increase the effects of hormones that
activate adenylate cyclase.
Responsiveness of cells to hormones is determined by the presence or absence of
specific hormone receptor proteins.
Introns serve no known purpose in protein synthesis.
Muscle spasms can be avoided by stretching slowly, which stimulates mainly the
primary, annulospiral sensory endings.
A hypothalamic tumor inducing hyperactivity of the medial hypothalamus may result in
weight loss.
Osteomalacia results from excess vitamin D.
Glomerulonephritis may result from destruction of the glomerular capillary basement
membrane.
Coenzyme A is derived from the vitamin riboflavin.
The gonads have a negative feedback effect on gonadotropins of the anterior pituitary.
Release of ACh at parasympathetic effectors is always stimulatory.
Ventilation involves both internal and external components.
The pons is directly involved in regulating the autonomic nervous system.
Salivary secretions are decreased and become thicker in response to sympathetic
stimulation.
An element with 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 5 electrons would have an atomic number
of 15.
Reduction and oxidation are always coupled.
Steroids are derived from cholesterol.
Serum is blood plasma without fibrinogen.
Neurogenesis in the hippocampus may be involved in learning and memory.
Synthetic analogues of GnRH are useful in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia and
endometriosis.
Intercalated discs would be found in muscles attached to the skeleton.
Nervous tissue is specialized to produce and conduct electrical impulses.
Consuming extra niacin and riboflavin in the diet will provide extra energy for body
functions.
Active transport proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation.
Venous and arterial blood mix in a liver lobule.
Stimulation of the iris by parasympathetic nerves stimulates pupillary constriction.
ATP and adenosine from macula densa cells stimulate vasodilation of the afferent
arteriole.
Epinephrine can act through two second-messenger systems (cAMP and Ca2+).
Acetyl coenzyme A enables the products of glycolysis to enter the citric acidcycle.
There are nine essential amino acids and 2 essential fatty acids.
The conversion of glucose to galactose is catalyzed by an isomerase.
Immunological memory is responsible for the rapid secondary response to an antigen.
The organelle involved in the production of energy is the
A.mitochondrion.
B.ribosome.
C.cytoskeleton.
D.centriole.
Renal production of __________ is stimulated by hypoxemia.
A.renin
B.colony-stimulating factor
C.erythropoietin
D.thrombopoietin
The paravertebral and collateral ganglia are associated with the _____________
division of the autonomic nervous system.
A.sympathetic
B.parasympathetic
C.somatic
D.sensory
Elevated plasma aldolase could be indicative of
A.muscular dystrophy.
B.pancreatitis.
C.pernicious anemia.
D.prostate cancer.
Spotting between menstrual cycles is termed
A.amenorrhea.
B.dysmenorrhea.
C.menorrhagia.
D.metrorrhagia.
What is the function of UCPI?
A. Allows more white fat to accumulate in adipose tissue.
B. Reduces the amount of hydrogens available to make ATP.
C. Provides more body heat from oxidation of fatty acids.
D. Both reduces the amount of hydrogens available to make ATP and provides more
body heat from oxidation of fatty acids.
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?
A.carriers for membrane transport
B.enzymes
C.compose genes
D.receptors for regulator molecules
The control of hormone secretion by its own effects is called
A.positive feedback.
B.negative feedback.
C.negative feedback inhibition.
D.antagonist effector.
_____________ is released by most postganglionic sympathetic nerves.
A.Acetylcholine
B.Epinephrine
C.Norepinephrine
D.Dopamine
________ is characterized by continued attachment of myosin heads to actin filaments
due to a lack of ATP.
A. Tetanus
B. Rigor mortis
C. Flaccid paralysis
D. Treppe
Growth hormone
A.stimulates hepatic somatomedin secretion.
B.directly stimulates bone growth.
C.inhibits lipolysis.
D.stimulates tissue glucose utilization.
If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were to be cut, the individual would
A. have no motor responses for that nerve.
B. have no sensory perception from that nerve.
C. have no reflexes involving that nerve.
D. Both have no sensory perception from that nerve and have no reflexes involving that
nerve are correct.
Which of the following zymogens is activated by trypsin in the small intestine?
A.lipase
B.carboxypeptidase
C.ribonuclease
D.amylase
The major hormone promoter of anabolism is
A.glucagon.
B.somatostatin.
C.epinephrine.
D.insulin.
Nerves that serve the leg come from the
A. sacral plexus.
B. brachial plexus.
C. lumbar plexus.
D. both the sacral and lumbar plexuses.
What is needed to control secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland?
A. sympathetic stimulation from the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
B. activation of melanopsin from ganglion cells of the retina
C. sunlight or lack of sunlight
D. All apply.
According to the Bohr effect, as pH is lowered, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
A.increases.
B.decreases.
C.remains unchanged.
Crossing over is important for
A.increasing genetic variability.
B.preventing mutations.
C.limiting genetic recombination.
D.maintaining chromosome structure.
The greater the level of physical training, the higher the proportion of energy derived
from the oxidation of ____ during exercise below VO2max.
A.glucose
B.protein
C.amino acids
D.fatty acids
Stroke volume is inversely proportional to
A.preload.
B.contractility.
C.total peripheral resistance.
D.Both preload and contractility.
A decrease in mean arterial pressure is detected by
A.an effector.
B.an integrating center.
C.a sensor.
D.a chemical messenger.
Bicarbonate must be converted to ____ to move into tubule cells to reduce blood pH.
A.carbonic anhydrase
B.carbonic acid
C.carbon dioxide
D.None of the choices are correct.
_____________ in the retina connect photoreceptors and ganglion cells.
A.Horizontal cells
B.Retinal epithelium
C.Amacrine cells
D.Bipolar cells
An example of working memory would be
A. recognizing a threatening picture.
B. remembering the last hockey game you attended.
C. looking up an address and addressing an envelop.
D. playing a song on the piano you learned as a child.
The first sign of puberty in females is
A.breast development.
B.menarche.
C.growth spurt.
D.axillary hair.
How does hepcidin function in iron homeostasis?
A.increases production of transferrin
B.promotes cellular storage of iron by removing ferroportin channels in enterocytes
C.promotes production and insertion of ferroportin channels in enterocytes
D.increases macrophage destruction of old red blood cells to release iron
A solution with an osmolality four times greater than plasma would freeze at
__________.
A. -0.56C.
B. -1.12C.
C. -1.68C.
D. -2.24C.
Atropine would
A.block the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla.
B.block constriction of the pupil.
C.stimulate skeletal muscle contraction.
D.facilitate near vision.
A class-2 MHC molecule is used to present a foreign antigen to a
A.killer T lymphocyte.
B.B lymphocyte.
C.helper T lymphocyte.
D.regulatory T lymphocyte.
Blood is composed of formed elements and plasma.
