Regeneration of CNS axons may be prevented in part by inhibitory proteins in the
membranes of the
A. myelin sheath.
B. neurons.
C. astrocytes.
D. satellite cells.
Which ion’s movements is responsible for repolarization?
A. influx of K+
B. influx of Na+
C. outward diffusion of K+
D. outward diffusion of Na+
Increased blood pressure stimulates
A.decreased outflow from the baroreceptors.
B.decreased sympathetic outflow to the heart.
C.decreased parasympathetic outflow to the heart.
D.postural hypotension.
Hypertension can be treated by all of the following EXCEPT
A.ACE inhibitors.
B.calcium channel blockers.
C.diuretics.
D.sympathetic agonists.
Many growth factors use
A.cyclic AMP as a second messenger.
B.tyrosine kinase as a second messenger.
C.calmodulin as a second messenger.
D.cyclic GMP as a second messenger.
The ability to distend with pressure increases is called
A.chronotropism.
B.oncotism.
C.inotropism.
D.compliance.
Bicarbonate that protects the duodenum from peptic ulcers comes from all of the
following EXCEPT:
A.adherent layer of mucus
B.Brunner’s cells
C.stomach
D.pancreatic juice
Antibodies against _________ are found in people with systemic lupus erythematosus.
A.DNA
B.lipids
C.red blood cells
D.chromatin IgM
______________ reactions require energy to synthesize large molecules from small
molecules.
A.Combustion
B.Catabolic
C.Anabolic
D.Decomposition
Countercurrent multiplication occurs by the actions of the
A.vasa recta.
B.peritubular capillaries.
C.loop of Henle.
D.Both vasa recta and loop of Henle are correct.
What part of the mesolimbic system found in the midbrain is involved with behavioral
reward?
A. corpora quadrigemina
B. ventral tegmental area
C. substantia nigra
D. nigrostriatal system
If an individual consumes excess calories in the form of carbohydrates, the excess
energy is stored as
A.glycogen.
B.structural carbohydrates.
C.fat.
D.skeletal muscle.
_____________ tissues serve as a barrier to microbial infection.
A.Epithelial
B.Muscular
C.Nervous
D.Connective
Shaking of limbs at rest that disappears during voluntary movement due to damage to
the basal nuclei is called
A.chorea.
B.resting tremor.
C.intention tremor.
D.spastic paralysis.
The flexibility of a cell’s membrane is determined by the ratio of _____________ to
___________.
A. protein, carbohydrate
B. cholesterol, protein
C. phospholipids, protein
D. cholesterol, phospholipids
What role do bile salts play in digestion?
A. emulsify lipids for digestion by enzymes
B. gives color to the feces
C. needed for water reabsorption
D. They play no role in digestion.
Blood globulins include which of the following types?
A. alpha globulins
B. beta globulins
C. gamma globulins
D. All apply.
Which of the following is NOT true of a person who is dehydrated?
A. plasma osmolality increases
B. hypothalamus stimulates release of ADH
C. ADH causes the kidneys to excrete water
D. increased osmolality causes thirst
Cerebral lateralization, in which the _____ cerebral hemisphere is specialized for
language and analytical ability and the right for visuospatial ability, is true for 97% of
all people.
A. right
B. left
An increase in 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) will ________ the affinity of
hemoglobin for oxygen.
A.increase
B.decrease
C.have no effect on
Each turn of the citric acidcycle produces
A. 2 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 3 NADH.
B. 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 3 NADH.
C. 3 FADH2, 2 ATP, and 1 NADH.
D. 1 FADH2, 3 ATP, and 2 NADH.
The process of cell death in which cell membranes remain intact but become bubbled
and the nuclei condense is known as
A. endocytosis.
B. phagocytosis.
C. exocytosis.
D. apoptosis.
Growth hormone secretion is _____________ during sleep.
A.increased
B.decreased
C.increased, then stopped
D.decreased, then increased
The amount of fat stored in skeletal muscles will be ______________ by endurance
training.
A.increased
B.decreased
C.unchanged
Which of the following is NOT a functional classification of neurons?
A. motor or efferent
B. interneuron or association
C. multipolar
D. sensory or afferent
What are the carrier proteins for glucose diffusion into cells?
A.insulin
B.GLUT4
C.GLUT2
D.glucagon
An example of a monosaccharide is
A.maltose.
B.sucrose.
C.glucose.
D.glycogen.
Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus can cause
A.increased hepatic secretion of glucose and decreased uptake by skeletal muscles.
B.increased hepatic secretion of glucose and increased uptake by skeletal muscles.
C.decreased hepatic secretion of glucose and decreased uptake by skeletal muscles.
D.decreased hepatic secretion of glucose and increased uptake by skeletal muscles.
Addition of substrate when enzyme reaction rate is maximal results in
A.additional product formation.
B.less product formation.
C.no change in product formation.
D.enzyme destruction.
Both the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways activate factors that
A. convert prothrombin to thrombin.
B. convert fibrinogen to fibrin.
C. convert plasminogen to plasmin.
D. None apply
____________ trials maximize the number of test participants and include human
participants of both sexes, different ethnic groups, and those who have health problems
besides the one that the drug is designed to treat.
A. Phase I clinical
B. Phase II clinical
C. Phase III clinical
D. Phase IV clinical
Which of the following is NOT an action of parathyroid hormone?
A.stimulates osteoclasts to resorb calcium
B.stimulated osteoblasts to deposit calcium
C.stimulates kidneys to reabsorb calcium
D.stimulates formation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
Which of the following statements about muscles is FALSE?
A. During isometric contractions muscles do not generate tension.
B. The strength of contraction is directly proportional to the stimulus intensity.
C. Tendons act as part of the series-elastic component of a muscle.
D. During muscle contraction the Z disks move closer together.
T lymphocytes
A.differentiate in the bone marrow.
B.secrete antibodies.
C.mature in the thymus.
D.All of the choices are correct.