Regarding experiencing emotion, which sequence, according to James, is correct?
A. we see a bear, become frightened, and run
B. we lose a fortune, feel sorry, and cry
C. we strike a person and then become angry
D. more than one of these choices
The force that transforms matter into a particular form is its ____ cause.
A. material
B. formal
C. efficient
D. final
The field of artificial intelligence (AI) investigates:
A. the extent to which machines can replicate the mental powers of humans
B. how humans can increase their mental capacities by learning from machines
C. the usefulness of machines in molding the behavior of humans
D. how we can understand human behavior via the machine model
History has shown that Bacon’s inductive approach to science was largely ignored.
However, ____ and his followers adopted Bacon’s philosophy of science.
A. Freud
B. Watson
C. Skinner
D. Mach
According to the Pythagoreans, perfection is found:
A. only in the empirical world of mathematical relationships
B. only in the abstract mathematical world and understood only by reason
C. in both the empirical and abstract worlds of mathematics
D. in neither the empirical nor the abstract worlds
Albert Camus is often associated with the existential idea that to search for life’s
pre-ordained purpose is futile. This concept is referred to as the:
A. absurd C. Dasein
B. daimonic D. human dilemma
According to Schopenhauer, ____ suffer the most.
A. intelligent humans
B. unintelligent humans
C. nonhuman animals
D. plants
For Hegel, the only true understanding is an understanding of:
A. natural law
B. the dialectic process
C. the Absolute
D. the forms
Gestalt psychology’s version of the transfer of training was called:
A. the identical-elements theory of transfer
B. the law of Prgnanz
C. transposition
D. the constancy hypothesis
Which statement best illustrates Gassendi’s beliefs?
A. The mind has knowledge of extended objects.
B. The immaterial mind explains human activity.
C. Spiritual forces directly influence physical matter.
D. Humans consists of nothing but matter.
Which of the following presents Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the proper order?
A. safety physiological belonging and love self-actualization esteem
B. physiological belonging and love safety esteem self-actualization
C. safety esteem belonging and love physiological self-actualization
D. physiological safety belonging and love esteem self-actualization
Binet believed disadvantaged students could be taught the skills they needed to succeed
in school through the use of:
A. severe discipline
B. mental orthopedics
C. simplified assignments
D. parental involvement
In his research on hypnotism, effects that Binet believed were due to the power of a
magnet were found to be due to:
A. perceptual abnormalities
B. suggestion
C. low intelligence
D. craniometry
Jean-Paul Sartre was most interested in:
A. client-centered therapy
B. having psychologists follow the scientific method
C. the power we let others have over ourselves
D. proving the existence of God
What type of magic was based on the principle of contiguity?
A. black
B. homeopathic
C. contagious
D. white
Hall believed that each individual in his or her lifetime reenacted all of the evolutionary
stages of the human species. What is this idea called?
A. recapitulation theory
B. parapsychology
C. reciprocal antagonism
D. sociobiological determinism
Watson’s research indicated that rats use their ____ sense in learning to traverse a maze
accurately.
A. visual
B. auditory
C. kinesthetic
D. olfactory
Which of the following is consistent with Herbart’s advice to teachers?
A. The student will benefit most if they review material themselves.
B. The student should postulate the content of upcoming material.
C. Relate new material to what has already been learned.
D. Show applications of new material before the concepts have been described.
The tension between pure, scientific psychology and applied psychology:
A. is a recent phenomenon
B. has always been a minor issue
C. was once intense but no longer exists
D. characterized psychology from its very inception and continues to do so
Who is most likely to support the statement, “Our genetic predisposition determines our
behavior?”
a. psychical determinist
b. sociocultural determinist
c. environmental determinist
d. biological determinist
Because Wundt believed that individuals could direct their attention anywhere they
wished, he referred to his brand of psychology as:
A. functionalism
B. voluntarism
C. structuralism
D. bold and creative
Nietzsche believed that:
A. all human behavior is determined
B. life without the restraints of religion is certain to be chaotic
C. people are their own creation
D. the only free people are artists
Pico argued that:
A. God had granted humans a unique position in the universe.
B. humans are not capable of change.
C. humans do not have freedom to choose from a variety of lifestyles.
D. individuals with differing viewpoints cannot be tolerated.
Reid viewed faculties of the mind as:
A. nonsense
B. separate entities
C. aspects of a unified mind
D. sensory experiences
The ____ is most comfortable with the scientific search for the laws governing all
human behavior.
A. modernist
B. postmodernist
C. skeptic
D. existentialist
Both Bacon and Descartes sought to develop a system of thought that:
A. was compatible with Scripture
B. was compatible with classical Greek philosophy
C. questioned the authority of the church
D. was impervious to the doubts of the Skeptics
Because Breuer found that Anna O.’s condition improved following the emotional
release that came from expressing a pathogenic idea, his treatment is called:
A. countertransference
B. the cathartic method
C. transference
D. nondirective
The ____ assumes that everything that occurs is a function of a finite number of causes.
a. determinist
b. rationalist
c. empiricist
d. realist
According to Rousseau, an effective government must be based on:
A. an absolute monarchy
B. the private will
C. the general will
D. unanimous agreement among members of the community
The professional relationship between Watson and Lashley was strained because:
A. Watson was too obsessed with finding the neurophysiological correlates of learning
B. Lashley’s research did not support Watson’s switchboard conception of the brain
C. Watson was interested in the learning process and Lashley was not
D. Lashley found Watson’s Gestalt orientation intolerable