____________ethics involves a level of ethical functioning at the minimum level of
professional practice.
a. Mandatory
b. Minimal
c. Positive
d. Aspirational
In the text, one reason given for having counseling students receive some form of
psychotherapy is to help them:
a. work through early childhood trauma.
b. learn to deal with transference and countertransference.
c. recognize and resolve their co-dependent tendencies.
d. become self-actualized individuals.
Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) emerged as a behavioral approach informed by
understanding the role of an emotion in human functioning and psychotherapeutic
change.
a. True
b. False
Free association is one of the basic tools used to gain access to the unconscious.
a. True
b. False
Satir’s human validation process model emphasizes:
a. family rules.
b. functional versus dysfunctional communication patterns.
c. family roles and triads.
d. communication and emotional experiencing.
When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between top dog and
underdog), which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?
a. Making the rounds
b. The reversal technique
c. The internal dialogue exercise
d. The rehearsal exercise
Feminist therapists avoid sharing their values with clients in order to reduce the chance
of value imposition.
a. True
b. False
According to Carl Rogers, personality change occurs only when clients develop insight
into the origin of their personality problems.
a. True
b. False
Reality therapy rests on the central idea that:
a. thinking largely determines how we feel and behave.
b. we choose our behavior and are responsible for what we do, think, and feel.
c. environmental factors largely control what we are doing.
d. the way to change dysfunctional behavior is to reexperience a situation in which we
originally became psychologically stuck.
Bowenian therapists function in ways to bring about change through action-oriented
directives and paradoxical interventions.
a. True
b. False
Behavior therapy is characterized by all of the following, except:
a. a focus on overt specific behavior.
b. a formulation of precise treatment goals.
c. the subjective diagnosis of the therapist.
d. the design of an appropriate treatment plan.
__________ cannot be reduced simply to cultural awareness and sensitivity.
a. Cultural diversity
b. Multicultural competence
c. Multicultural diversity
d. Theoretical pluralism
Rollo May has been instrumental in translating some concepts drawn from existential
philosophy and applying them to psychotherapy.
a. True
b. False
An authentic counselor is best described as:
a. having the highest regard for all clients.
b. being willing to be totally open and self-disclosing.
c. being a technical expert who is committed to objectivity.
d. being willing to look at his or her own life and make the changes wanted; he or she
can model that process to be the way it is revealed to the client.
The four-step model of strengths-based CBT to build resilience include all of the
following, except:
a. search.
b. construct.
c. apply.
d. discover.
If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems
may include all of the following except:
a. rejecting others’ love.
b. fear of intimate relationships.
c. mistrust of others.
d. high self-esteem.
Albert Bandura is directly responsible for promoting the “third wave” of behavior
therapy.
a. True
b. False
It is possible to incorporate the principle of feminist therapy with a multicultural
perspective.
a. True
b. False
Often Greta, who struggles to feel good about herself, comes to sessions with slouched
posture. In order to help Greta gain a clearer understanding of the inner meaning of her
slouched posture, a Gestalt therapist might:
a. ask Greta to exaggerate her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings
attached to it.
b. have Greta undergo hypnosis.
c. ask Greta to free associate to the words ‘slouched posture.”
d. refer her to an orthopedic surgeon to rule out scoliosis.
In Erikson’s view, the major developmental task in adolescence is:
a. intimacy vs. isolation.
b. integrity vs. despair.
c. identity vs. role confusion.
d. initiative vs. guilt.
A meta-analysis of research on therapeutic effectiveness found that the personal and
interpersonal components are, at best, only moderately related to effective
psychotherapy.
a. True
b. False
According to existential thinking, effective therapy does not stop with awareness, for
clients are challenged to take action based on their insights.
a. True
b. False
The person-centered therapist generally does not find traditional assessment and
diagnosis:
a. as a useful tool for case conceptualization.
b. as a meaningful way of understanding of a client’s psychological state.
c. to be useful because these procedures encourage an external and expert perspective
on the client.
d. as a necessary process that does not impact the course of therapy.
The opposite of a differentiated self is experienced as:
a. emotional reactivity.
b. the integration of one’s various parts.
c. movement toward self-actualization.
d. attunement with others.
Existential therapy grew out of a reaction to the limitations of both the psychoanalytic
and deterministic stance.
a. True
b. False
It is within the scope of SFBT practice to allow for some discussion of________to
validate clients’ experience.
a. presenting problems
b. behavioral issues in the past
c. therapist personal issues
d. past issues
All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for:
a. hypnosis.
b. relaxation training.
c. the development of an anxiety hierarchy.
d. psychoeducation.
A potential limitation of the person-centered approach is:
a. their view of assessment and diagnosis.
b. that some students-in-training and practitioners may have a tendency to be very
supportive of clients without being challenging.
c. shortcomings of the studies of the approach.
d. the continual evolution of the approach leads to unclear therapeutic principles.
Which of the following therapies is based on a growth model and is applicable to such
varied spheres of life as child guidance, parent-child counseling, and marital and family
therapy?
a. Psychoanalytic therapy
b. Behavioral therapy
c. Cognitive behavior therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
The Gestalt approach to dream work consists of the therapist interpreting the meaning
of the symbols in the dream.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following approaches consists of simple and clear concepts and
emphasizes the role of choice?
a. Psychoanalytic therapy
b. Reality therapy
c. Narrative therapy
d. Gestalt therapy