Eddie is a seventh grader who knows how to break complex problems into simpler
steps, how and when to skim, and how and when to read for deep understanding. What
key concept of constructivist theories of learning best describes Eddie?
a) Reflective thinker
b) Self-regulated learner
c) Dependent learner
d) Impulsive thinker
A student says, “I did well because of some lucky guessing.” The type of attribution
being demonstrated is:
a) external, unstable.
b) internal, stable.
c) internal, unstable.
d) external, stable.
Which of the following is an example of proactive inhibition?
a) A North American driver who is used to driving on the right side of the road has
difficulty driving in England where they drive on the left.
b) A student forgets the name of last year’s teachers when meeting this year’s
instructors.
c) A student says each letter of the alphabet while trying to think of an old friend’s last
name.
d) Emily can play her first song on the violin very well, until she learns a second song.
After learning the second song she has trouble remembering the first.
Which of the following strategies is a key component to self-regulated learning?
a) Self-praise
b) Peer praise
c) Teacher praise
d) Administrative praise
Charles Spearman’s conception of intelligence is that:
a) there are several different types of intelligences.
b) intelligence is only weakly related to school achievement.
c) there is one general type of intelligence, called a g factor.
d) intelligence is accumulated knowledge.
Mrs. Hart is a first-grade teacher and she is doing research in her own classroom. This
type of descriptive research is called:
a) Reflective research
b) Practitioner research
c) Expansive research
d) Action research
Because classrooms typically have 20 or more students, an intentional teacher’s task is
to:
a) Balance individualization with group studies
b) Divide the class into ability groups
c) Focus on direct instruction of each student
d) Balance direct instruction with individualization
A student does not really think about plagiarism as a true injustice to her fellow
students. She believes it is acceptable because her close friends say that plagiarism is
just a survival skill that everybody uses. Applying Kohlberg’s theory of moral
development, what level best identifies the student’s judgment about plagiarism?
a) preconventional (stage 1 or 2)
b) postconventional (stage 5 or 6)
c) conventional (stage 3 or 4)
d) neoconventional (stage 4 or 5)
Ms. Rodriguez wants to provide an incentive for her students to learn. Which of the
following could be considered an incentive or motivator for students?
a) Ms. Rodriguez has a great deal of knowledge about the content of the lesson
b) The material being taught has interest for the students
c) The lesson presentation is well organized
d) Students are given allocated time to complete all aspects of the assignment
The positive psychosocial outcome of the teenage years is a sense of:
a) identity.
b) generativity.
c) initiative.
d) integrity.
A student knows that if 2 + 5 = 7, then 7-5+2. This requires which of the following
cognitive characteristics?
a) Formal thought
b) Reversibility
c) Transitivity
d) Situational thought
There are three principles that govern the process of setting class rules. First, they
should be few in number; second, they should make sense and be seen as fair; and third,
they should:
a) be specific enough that each rule covers only one or two behaviors.
b) be clearly explained and deliberately taught to students.
c) be in alphabetical order for easier recall.
d) always be the same as the previous year’s rules, for continuity.
Which of the following statements concerning speech disorders is correct?
a) Teachers should help students with speech disorders by calling on other students to
help them finish sentences more quickly.
b) Language and speech disorders are really the same.
c) Therapy should always be delayed until the secondary grades.
d) Most mild speech disorders improve with time.
A nursery school teacher tells a mother that her child engages in parallel play. The
teacher might see the child frequently playing:
a) competitive games in which only one child can be the winner.
b) alone with toys.
c) with children joined together to achieve a common goal with mutual influence.
d) in the same activity side by side with other children with very little interaction.
Constructivist approaches to teaching typically make extensive use of cooperative
learning. Why is this?
a) Students understand concepts better if they can talk with each other.
b) There is less need to challenge students’ misconceptions.
c) It allows teachers time to work individually with students.
d) It gives the teacher opportunities to research other methods.
High school females tend to:
a) estimate their skills as being the same as males.
b) overestimate their skills in social studies and English.
c) overestimate their skills in language and math.
d) underestimate their skills in language and math.
Piaget believed that children are born with an innate tendency to make sense of their
own environments by creating:
a) Dilemmas
b) Equanimity
c) Schemes
d) Identity
A student who usually behaves well is not paying attention during class. Which of the
following management strategies would be most effective?
a) deprive the student of privileges
b) praise other students
c) implement a daily report card system
d) time out
Symbols that cultures create to help people think, communicate and solve problems are
referred to as:
a) Private speech
b) Zone of proximal development
c) Abstractions
d) Sign systems
Which results can be achieved with early intervention programs for children placed at
risk of school failure?
a) Long-term effects which are comparable to remediation programs
b) Fewer long-term effects than remediation programs
c) More long-term effects than remediation programs
d) No long-term effects
Which of the following reinforcement procedures would be most
appropriate for the classroom?
a) As students begin a new task, praise the desired final behavior
only, ignoring any approximations to the response you are seeking.
b) Give immediate reinforcement when a desired behavior is
observed.
c) Increase the frequency of the reward over time.
d) Delay punishment following misbehavior.
Mr. Green is making a special effort to help Steve. When he plans lessons he checks the
instructions for learning tasks to make sure they are clear and specific. Mr. Green also
avoids time pressure, gives students a chance to correct errors on their work and fosters
an accepting, noncompetitive classroom climate. His emphasis on these strategies for
helping Steve suggests that Steve has been having difficulty with:
a) the incentive value of success.
b) anxiety.
c) self-actualization.
d) following classroom rules.
Which phase of observational learning best represents the modeling of desired behavior
based on the teacher’s likes and dislikes?
a) Attention phase
b) Retention phase
c) Motivational phase
d) Reproduction
According to Piaget, between the ages of six and ten years, children believe that the
rules of a game:-
a) can be altered by older children in the group, but not by younger ones.
b) are flexible.
c) are set by a higher authority and cannot be altered.
d) can be altered with the consent of all players.
A class is given a test of mechanical ability. Results show that those who scored high
performed well in a previous industrial technology course while those who scored low
did poorly in the course. The test can be said to have high:
a) internal reliability.
b) predictive evidence of validity.
c) content evidence of validity.
d) discriminant evidence of validity.
Kohlberg studied individuals’ responses to hypothetical problems called:
a) moral dilemmas.
b) clinical ambiguities.
c) behavioral incidents.
d) ethical challenges.
A teacher is discouraged by students’ lack of interest in class. If the teacher decides to
use grades as motivators, which of the following strategies would be most useful?
a) Use clear criteria so that students can understand how grades are earned.
b) Give students a few weeks to get a test off their minds, before giving them test
feedback.
c) Reduce the number of tests given.
d) Use comparative standards for grading.
Many students with disabilities are assigned to special classes taught by a special
education teacher but are mainstreamed with nondisabled students part of the day. Most
often these students join other students for music, art, and:
a) science.
b) writing.
c) reading.
d) physical education.
Jake is a high school junior at a large public high school located in a suburban area. He
has struggled academically since his parents’ divorce and has failed to earn two credits
necessary for graduating with his class. His attendance is sporadic and his learning and
work completion are directly impacted by his frequent absences from school. You have
become concerned about Jake’s future and are planning a parent/student/teacher
conference. Outline your concerns for Jake if he chooses not to complete high school.
In addition, list some things the school can do to help reduce the dropout rate.
A student remembers a long list of outdoor sculptures by imagining each piece on top of
a different campus building, along Campus Drive. What memory strategy is being
used?
a) Keyword method
b) Free-recall strategy
c) Combinational approach
d) Loci method
Which of the following is a correct implication of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
a) Students who are self-actualized must be taught to have respect for their fellow
students.
b) Educators should design lessons that teach students to suppress unmet deficiency
needs, and concentrate on higher needs.
c) Students who have skipped a need level on the hierarchy must be assisted to meet it.
d) A student who is feeling ill or unsafe may show little interest in academic
performance.
Individualized Transition Plans are written for which of the following groups of
students with disabilities?
a) Infants
b) Adolescents before their 17th birthdays
c) Children in elementary school
d) Preschool children between the ages of two and five