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The cerebellar influence on motor activity is excitatory.
Cholesterol and AIDS viruses are taken into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Autonomic motor pathways utilize two neurons while somatic motor pathways utilize
one neuron.
The guarding reflex prevents voiding.
Autonomic motor neurons leaving the spinal cord synapse once prior to synapsing with
the target organ.
Cyanide is lethal because it blocks the oxidation of oxygen in the electron transport
chain system.
Coenzymes are organic molecules that are required for proper function of some
enzymes.
Skeletal muscle glycogen is the primary source of stored glucose for nervous tissue
during fasting.
The role of melatonin in puberty of humans is well established and critical.
The proteins found in chromatin are called histones, are positively charged, and form
spools.
Water permeability in the collecting duct is varied by altering the number of aquaporins
present.
Smooth, sustained muscle contractions in vivo are due to synchronous activation of
motor units.
After a few days at a higher elevation, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen decreases
due to 2,3-DPG.
Diabetes mellitus occurs due to lack of liver beta-cell function.
Glycine is released at extensor muscles when flexor muscles are contracting.
Hypertension can be treated with sympathetic beta1-receptor antagonists.
The spinocerebellar tract would carry information from sensory receptors to the
cerebral cortex.
The intrinsic regulation of the GI tract is conferred by the autonomic nervous system.
One example of a tumor suppressor gene is p53, which protects against cancer by
directly blocking the ability of cyclins to stimulate cell division.
The neurohypophysis is derived embryonically from the diencephalon.
Secretin stimulates chief cells to secrete pepsinogen.
Freezing-point depression is a measure of osmolality.
Another name for the first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy.
The pH optimum for enzymes secreted by the stomach is higher than the pH optimum
for enzymes secreted by the pancreas.
High-energy phosphates are stored in skeletal muscle as creatine phosphate.
The cerebellum is the largest brain structure.
Phase IV clinical drug trials involve testing a drug only on the specific human
population who have the condition that the drug is intended to treat.
All cells have a membrane potential.
The pons gives rise to cranial nerves VIII through XII.
The heart spend more time in diastole than systole.
What instrument is used to measure the percent oxyhemoglobin saturation of the blood?
A.sphygmomanometer
B.spirometer
C.pulse oximeter
D.stethoscope
What disease is characterized by the abnormal hemoglobin S?
A.sickle-cell anemia
B.thalassemia
C.cystic fibrosis
D.emphysema
The adrenal cortex is NOT involved in
A.regulation of blood glucose.
B.regulation of Na+ balance.
C.regulation of Ca2+ balance.
D.regulation of reproduction.
Male secondary sex characteristics would not develop in boys in which the
____________ cells did not secrete testosterone.
A.seminiferous tubule
B.interstitial
C.Leydig
D.Both interstitial and Leydig are correct
Thiazide diuretics
A.inhibit the actions of ADH.
B.add extra solutes to the filtrate.
C.inhibit active transport of salt out of the ascending limb of Henle loop.
D.inhibit salt transport in the first section of the distal tubule and the last part of the
ascending limb of Henle loop.
The circulatory system provides regulation through
A.clotting.
B.hormones.
C.immunity.
D.blood gases.
How much filtrate do the kidneys produce per day?
A.10 L
B.50 L
C.110 L
D.180 L
How does the immune system recognize a foreign cell?
A.The presence of toll-like receptors.
B.The presence of organ-specific phagocytes.
C.The presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
D.The presence of complement.
______________ are inactive forms of digestive enzymes.
A. Cofactors
B. Coenzymes
C. Zymogens
D. Both cofactors and zymogens are correct.
How many single bonds can a carbon atom form if it is double-bonded to an oxygen
atom?
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
The ______________ reflex prevents excessive muscle contraction.
A.flexor
B.cross-extensor
C.Golgi tendon
D.muscle spindle
People with diabetes mellitus have glycosuria because
A.the total renal blood flow is low.
B.the plasma glucose concentration is greater than the renal plasma threshold.
C.they have inadequate amounts of ADH.
D.None of the choices are correct.
Glycogen
A.is more highly branched than plant starch.
B.is a glycoprotein found in the liver.
C.is a glycolipid found in skeletal muscles.
D.is composed of alternating glucose and galactose molecules.
Superoxide radicals have which of the following beneficial effects?
A.killing bacteria
B.promote proliferation of fibroblasts
C.promote proliferation of lymphocytes
D.All of the choices are correct.
Ischemic heart disease causes ______________ on the ECG.
A.no P wave
B.no QRS complex
C.S-T depression
D.inverted P waves
Skeletal muscles at rest obtain most of their energy from the aerobic respiration of
A. glucose.
B. protein.
C. fatty acids.
D. glycogen.
Stomach irritation by NSAIDs like aspirin is believed to be the result of
A. inhibition of PGI2 and PGE2.
B. secretion of PGI2 and PGE2.
C. inhibition of thromboxane A2.
D. None apply.
Where on the cerebral cortex is taste information sent?
A.prefrontal cortex, postcentral gyrus, and insula
B.temporal lobe, precentral gyrus, and prefrontal cortex
C.thalamus, insula, and postcentral gyrus
D.medulla oblongata, insula, and thalamus
Converting glucose into glycogen is the process of
A.glycogenesis.
B.glycogenolysis.
C.gluconeogenesis.
D.lipogenesis.
Sweet smelling breath may be the result of elevated ______________ in the blood.
A. glucose
B. fructose
C. acetone
D. cholesterol
_______________ glands secrete chemicals through a duct that leads to the outside of a
membrane.
A.Endocrine
B.Exocrine
In the female menstrual cycle
A.ovulation is stimulated by decreasing concentrations of progesterone.
B.menstruation occurs during the last four days of the cycle.
C.progesterone secretion is stimulated by LH.
D.the luteal phase is characterized by high circulating concentrations of estrogens.
The enzymes for digestion of carbohydrates come from all of the following EXCEPT
the
A.pancreas.
B.duodenum.
C.liver.
D.salivary glands.
Muscle length has a more pronounced effect on contraction strength in cardiac muscle
than in skeletal muscle. This is because cardiac muscle has a greater sensitivity to
A.depolarization.
B.lactic acid.
C.calcium.
D.parasympathetic antagonists.
The plasma membrane is referred to as a mosaic because of the presence of
A. stationary proteins in a uniform arrangement.
B. carbohydrates in changing patterns.
C. phospholipids that are in constant motion.
D. moving proteins in a random arrangement.
Ribosomal enzymes needed for protein synthesis are called
A. catalases.
B. superoxide radicals.
C. ribozymes.
D. lysozymes.
What medication acts by increasing the action of nitric oxide as a treatment for erectile
dysfunction?
A. Viagra
B. marijuana
C. Prozac
D. naloxone
Mitochondria contain their own DNA.
The sensor in tubuloglomerular feedback is a group of cells called the
A.macula densa.
B.glomerulus.
C.vasa recta.
D.macula lutea.
______________ is the opposite of glycogenesis.
A.Glycolysis
B.Glyconeogenesis
C.Glycogenolysis
D.Gluconeogenesis
The enzyme ______ catalyzes the formation of H2CO3 from CO2 and water.
A.renin
B.nitric oxide synthase
C.lactate dehydrogenase
D.carbonic anhydrase
Edema would be induced by all of the following EXCEPT
A.hypertension.
B.protein malnutrition.
C.lymphatic blockage.
D.hyperthyroidism.
At what region of the neuron are action potentials first produced?
A. dendrites
B. cell body
C. initial segment of an axon
D. axon hillock
Match the event to the phase of sexual response.
Which sphincter is under voluntary control?
A.internal urethral sphincter
B.external urethral sphincter
