Which of the following interferes with normal circadian rhythms?
A.melatonin
B.jet lag
C.naturally changing light levels
D.sleep
The sudden, sharp pain you feel when you hit your finger with a hammer travels across
what type of axon?
A.myelinated
B.unmyelinated
C.kinesthetic
D.stretch
In concentrative meditation a person:
A.focuses attention on one thing, such as a mantra.
B.allows thoughts to flow freely.
C.keeps her eyes open throughout the experience.
D.pays attention and reacts to all thoughts.
Researchers assess people’s performances with respect to a given behavior at the
beginning of a study before manipulating a variable so they can identify what happens
to behavior when they manipulate a variable. The use of control groups and groups that
experience a manipulation of a variable is characteristic of:
A.correlational studies.
B.longitudinal research.
C.naturalistic observation.
D.experimental research.
Janice took a stimulant medication called Adderall to help her study. After a few
minutes, she noticed that she was sweating and her heart was racing. These symptoms
occurred because of the drug’s effect on Janice’s:
A.parasympathetic nervous system.
B.sympathetic nervous system.
C.amygdala.
D.brain stem.
When a researcher cannot manipulate variables in a project, he or she is forced to
collect naturally occurring data. The data analysis would probably involve:
A.a correlational analysis.
B.descriptive, but not inferential, statistics.
C.naturalistic observation.
D.selection bias.
Which of the following is the best definition of psychological science?
A.the study of the brain and its function
B.the study of the mind, the brain, and thought processes
C.the study of the mind, the brain, and behavior
D.the study of the mind, the psyche, and behavior
Imagine a very tiny person is walking through the auditory tract, from the ear canal
through to the auditory nerve. When that tiny person reaches the cochlea and walks
along the basilar membrane, ________ frequency sounds will disturb their walk most at
the base of the cochlea, and ________ frequency sounds will disturb their walk most at
the tip of the cochlea.
A.loud; soft
B.soft; loud
C.high; low
D.low; high
The base of the cochlea responds to ________ sounds, while the tip of the cochlea
responds to ________ sounds.
A.low amplitude; high amplitude
B.high amplitude; low amplitude
C.low frequency; high frequency
D.high frequency; low frequency
Dr. Henderson wants to conduct research to test her theory that there is an association
between sleep patterns and depressive thoughts. What must she do to test this theory?
A.conduct naturalistic observation
B.use self-report methods
C.collect data systematically
D.rely on positive correlations rather than negative correlations
According to your textbook, if you wanted to conduct observational research but were
concerned that the people you observed would change their behaviors due to reactivity,
you could:
A.avoid debriefing them.
B.use a blinded study.
C.conduct culturally sensitive research.
D.rule out alternative explanations.
Mary has developed a tolerance to alcohol. This means:
A.Mary “wants” but does not “like” alcohol.
B.Mary is dependent on alcohol.
C.Mary needs more alcohol to feel intoxicated than she used to need.
D.Mary has withdrawal symptoms if she stops using alcohol.
“Brain death” is said to occur when activity stops:
A.in the cortex.
B.in the brain stem.
C.anywhere in the brain.
D.everywhere in the brain.
Javier’s attention is captured by the loud sirens and bright lights of an ambulance as it
passes by. Arezou’s attention is captured when she hears someone say her name. Javier’s
response is best explained as a result of ________ , while Arezou’s response is best
explained as a result of ________.
A.top-down processing; bottom-up processing
B.bottom-up processing; top-down processing
C.qualitative information; quantitative information
D.quantitative information; qualitative information
Pain medications such as Novocain work by:
A.changing pain stimuli so that they cannot be received by sensory pain neurons.
B.blocking transmission from sensory pain neurons to the brain.
C.integrating information from sensory pain neurons and sensory relief neurons.
D.diverting signals from the sensory pain neurons to the thalamus.
Jana conducts a study and finds a positive relationship between sensitive parenting and
children’s academic achievement. If she wants to make a judgment as to whether the
same pattern would be found in the population, she would use:
A.correlation coefficients.
B.measures of central tendency.
C.inferential statistics.
D.meta-analysis.
When Angelica plunges her hand into a bucket of ice water, ________ axons
immediately carry pain information to her brain. When Erica sprains her ankle playing
soccer, ________ axons carry pain information to her brain for weeks.
A.unmyelinated; myelinated
B.myelinated; unmyelinated
C.temperature; pressure
D.pressure; temperature
Optogenetics is an important new method that gives new insights into which causal
relationship?
A.genes causing behavior
B.neuronal activity causing behavior
C.genes causing neuronal activity
D.behavior causing neuronal activity
Based on your knowledge of opponent-process theory, if you stared for a while at a grid
of blue and yellow stripes drawn on a page of paper, what would you see when you
looked next at a plain white page?
A.a similar grid of stripes, with the yellow and blue stripes reversed
B.a similar grid of stripes, with red replacing yellow and green replacing blue
C.a similar grid of stripes, only in black and white
D.no grid of stripes at all because the ganglion cells have adapted
Giacomo has used crystal methamphetamine for a while. To feel the effects of the drug,
he now needs to take more than he used to. Which term best describes Giacomo’s
experience?
A.tolerance
B.dependence
C.withdrawal
D.addiction