1) when the baroreceptor reflex is triggered by a decline in blood pressure,
a) sympathetic activity increases.
b) cardiac output increases.
c) peripheral resistance decreases.
d) sympathetic activity increases and cardiac output increases.
e) sympathetic activity increases, cardiac output increases, and peripheral resistance
decreases.
2) when blood levels of glucose, amino acids, and insulin are high, and glycogenesis is
occurring in the liver, the body is in the
a) fasting state.
b) postabsorptive state.
c) absorptive state.
d) stress state.
e) bulimic state.
3) match the disease with the description.
a. addison’s disease
b. cushing’s disease
c. graves’ disease
d. paget’s disease
may result from adrenal tumor
4) which of these roles is not related to the reticular formation?
a) arousal and sleep
b) muscle tone and stretch reflexes
c) pain modulation
d) blood pressure regulation
e) regulation of the menstrual cycle
5) match the name of the pathological condition with its description.
a. hereditary spherocytosis
b. polycythemia vera
c. iron-deficiency anemia
d. sickle cell disease
e. anemia
a stem cell dysfunction that produces too many blood cells
6) match from the following list.
a. a band
b. i band
c. z disk
d. h zone
e. m line
the letter assigned to this structure stands for the german word for middle; it is the
attachment site for the thick filaments.
7) the ________ of glycogen from many glucose molecules is an ________ reaction.
a) decomposition, endergonic
b) synthesis, exergonic
c) decomposition, exergonic
d) synthesis, endergonic
8) groups of tissues that carry out related functions may form structures known as
a) cells.
b) organs.
c) organelles.
d) organisms.
e) impossible to tell from the information given
9) which of the following is greater?
a) heart rate normally
b) heart rate during circulatory shock
10) for each nadh molecule that moves through the electron transport system, what is
the potential yield of atp molecules?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 2.5
d) 3.5
e) 4
11) cortisol, the catecholamines, and growth hormone do all of the following, except
a) mobilize glycogen from the liver.
b) raise plasma glucose levels.
c) promote the conversion of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids.
d) enhance deposition of fat in adipose tissue.
12) a competitive inhibitor binds to
a) a region of the enzyme other than the active site.
b) the active site.
c) the substrate.
d) the product.
e) the surrounding tissue.
13) the most important factor determining which type of receptor a signal molecule will
bind to is
a) the lipid solubility of the ligand.
b) the size of the ligand.
c) the size of the receptor molecule.
d) the location of the receptor molecule.
14) the term meaning a mitotic population of cells that persists into adulthood applies to
a) stem cells.
b) totipotent cells.
c) apoptosis.
d) nurse cells.
e) gametocytes.
15) language and verbal skills tend to be ________ side of the brain of right-handed
people.
a) concentrated on the left
b) concentrated on the right
c) equally distributed between the left and right
d) randomly located with respect to the left or right
16) match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once).
a. ependymal cells
b. astrocytes
c. satellite cells
d. schwann cells
e. oligodendrocytes
f. microglia
cells that myelinate several axons
17) the average length of the menstrual cycle is
a) 10 days.
b) 14 days.
c) 21 days.
d) 28 days.
e) 35 days.
18) a certain drug decreases heart rate by producing hyperpolarization in the pacemaker
cells of the heart. this drug probably binds to
a) nicotinic receptors.
b) muscarinic receptors.
c) alpha adrenergic receptors.
d) beta receptors.
19) after it is formed, urine is temporarily stored in the ________.
20) daniella is a dancer trying to get into the new york city ballet. she knows that it is
very competitive, so she is practicing several hours a day. she also knows that ballerinas
need to be very thin, so she is restricting her diet to 600 calories a day and only eats
fruits and vegetables. she continues her workout and dietary routine for several months
and on the day of her audition she feels very weak. she ends up passing out during her
audition and as the athletic trainer and physician are evaluating daniella, they notice
that she has several bruises and frequent muscle spasms. why is daniella having all of
these problems?
21) list the four major tissue types. give an example and location of each.
22) why is it necessary to direct the electrical signals in the heart through the av node
instead of allowing them to spread directly from the atria to the ventricles?
23) while a photoreceptor responds to a single photon of light, a person cannot see a
single photon. explain.
24) the combination of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure is
called ________.
25) cell membranes consist of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate in relative amounts that
vary according to cell type. describe the relative proportions of these substances in three
structures, and relate these differences to cell function where possible.
26) the hair cells of the cochlear duct are located in the ________.
27) diabetes mellitus produces many homeostatic imbalances, including acidosis. the ph
imbalance is due to ketoacidosis, which results from excessive accumulation of
by-products of fat metabolism, as the body cannot meet energy needs from
carbohydrate metabolism. sally is a teenaged diabetic who sometimes rebels by not
taking her insulin. her body is beginning to develop ketoacidosis as a result. create a
chart to indicate and explain how her blood ph, hco3-, and pco2 react, by indicating
“increase,” “decrease,” or “no change.”
1> ketoacidosis has just developed
2> respiratory compensation occurs
3> renal compensation occurs
28) the hiv blood test detects anti-hiv antibodies. why do viruses stimulate antibody
production? how effective are antibodies against viruses, as compared to bacteria? how
are viral infections normally eliminated in the body? why does a person’s immune
response fail to eliminate life-long viral infections such as hiv and herpes? explain all of
your answers.