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The part of the cortex that is most active during preparations for a movement and less
active during the movement itself is the:
a. premotor cortex.
b. somatosensory cortex.
c. inferior temporal cortex.
d. tabes dorsalis.
When food distends the duodenum, the duodenum releases which hormone?
a. CCK
b. Aldosterone
c. angiotensin II
d. Prolactin
Similar to depressed patients, bipolar patients may benefit from a change in their:
a. work schedule.
b. roommates.
c. sleep schedule.
d. exercise routine.
Suppose you were bitten by a black widow spider whose venom increases the release of
acetylcholine from the presynaptic terminal. Which of the following treatments would
be most effective?
a. Bite the spider back.
b. Increase the activity of acetylcholinesterase.
c. Decrease reuptake.
d. Increase the activity of COMT.
Amygdala activation to angry and fearful expressions suggests that the amygdala
responds most strongly:
a. to fearful faces directed to the viewer.
b. when emotional interpretation is unclear.
c. to happy faces.
d. to neutral faces.
Color perception depends MOSTLY on the:
a. magnocellular pathway.
b. parvocellular pathway.
c. superior colliculus.
d. lateral geniculate.
An evolutionary psychologist would likely be most interested in studying:
a. altruistic behavior of meerkats.
b. cardiovascular function across species.
c. anatomy of the rat brain.
d. neurotransmitters in primates.
In women, which hormone stimulates the growth of a follicle in the ovary?
a. FSH
b. ACTH
c. TSH
d. prolactin
What is the cause of osmotic thirst?
a. dryness of the throat
b. the availability of tasty fluids
c. low blood volume
d. increased concentration of solutes in the blood
The resting potential is mainly the result of:
a. negatively charged proteins inside the cell.
b. positively charged proteins inside the cell.
c. negatively charged proteins outside the cell.
d. positively charged proteins outside the cell.
The explanation that would be used to call attention to the presence of goose bumps in
humans would be the ____ explanation.
a. evolutionary
b. otogenetic
c. neurological
d. physiological
If someone anesthetized your chorda tympani, you would:
a. no longer taste anything.
b. no longer taste anything in the posterior part of your tongue.
c. no longer taste anything in the anterior part of your tongue.
d. not notice any change in your ability to taste.
The human central nervous system:
a. begins to form during the fetal stage.
b. is unlike all other vertebrate central nervous systems in its developmental process.
c. begins to form when the embryo is about two weeks old.
d. begins to form when the embryo is about two months old.
Research on binocular rivalry has supported which of these conclusions?
a. With weak stimuli, people often report being "partly" conscious of something.
b. Visual consciousness occurs only in humans.
c. Certain areas of the cortex are conscious and certain others are not.
d. Even when you are unconscious of something, the brain sees whether it is
meaningful.
Which of the following, if any, would be more damaging to an adult brain than to the
brain of an infant or fetus?
a. Exposure to alcohol
b. Infections like German measles
c. Iodine deficiency in the diet
d. All of these are more damaging to an infant brain.
Cells in V5 and the medial superior temporal cortex selectively respond to which
characteristic of visual stimuli?
a. color
b. movement
c. particular shapes
d. brightness
Cell bodies of motor neurons would most likely be found in which of the following?
a. Gray matter
b. White matter
c. Dorsal roots
d. Tracts
One study found that many young men showed an increase in aggressive behavior a
few hours after eating a diet:
a. high in tryptophan.
b. high in both tryptophan and phenylalanine.
c. low in tryptophan and high in phenylalanine.
d. low in both tryptophan and phenylalanine.
Which of the following physical conditions is related to apnea?
a. Puberty
b. Being female
c. Being obese
d. Having asthma
After one frog's heart has been stimulated, an extract of fluid from that heart can make a
second frog's heart beat faster. What conclusion did Otto Loewi draw from these
results?
a. Transmission at synapses is a chemical event.
b. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are antagonistic.
c. Transmission at heart muscle synapses is electrical.
d. Hormones facilitate the actions of the nervous system.
Dreams begin with arousing stimuli, whether generated from the external or internal
environment, according to which hypothesis/theory?
a. Freud's theory of dreams
b. the repair and restoration theory
c. a clinico-anatomical hypothesis
d. the evolutionary theory
Repeated exposure to male pheromones may be associated with ____ in young women
who are not sexually active.
a. more regular menstrual cycles
b. sweating
c. increased olfactory capabilities
d. increased appetite
Damage to the part of the cochlea that sends information about high frequency sounds
to the primary auditory cortex could result in:
a. hearing loss in the opposite ear.
b. inability to hear loud sounds.
c. tinnitus.
d. complete hearing loss.
The role of the reticular formation in arousal is that it is:
a. the single, critical system in arousing the cortex.
b. only one of several systems involved in arousal.
c. activated only by external stimuli.
d. activated only by internal stimuli.
Which of the following increases the probability that someone will develop
schizophrenia?
a. Having an older than average father.
b. Having at least one older brother.
c. Being the only child in the family.
d. Having a mother who is older than the father.
The sexually dimorphic nucleus is located in the:
a. thalamus.
b. Wolffian ducts.
c. anterior hypothalamus.
d. male brain, only.
Why is it important for sound vibrations to be amplified as they pass through the ear?
a. The inner membrane gets less sensitive with age.
b. More force is needed to create waves in fluid.
c. Much of the vibration is lost in the eardrum.
d. Too much is lost through friction.
When asked to draw pictures expressing different emotions, which emotion would
cause the most difficulty for a person with Urbach-Wiethe disease?
a. happiness
b. disgust
c. sadness
d. fear
The membrane of a neuron is composed of ____ with ____ embedded in them.
a. carbohydrates; purines
b. fat molecules; proteins
c. proteins; neurotransmitters
d. benzene molecules; carbohydrates
In the Dominican Republic, certain genetic males who were regarded in early childhood
as girls have developed into boys at puberty. What happened to their gender identity?
a. Most adopted a clear male gender identity.
b. Most retained a clear female gender identity.
c. About half developed a clear male identity; the other half developed a clear female
identity.
d. Most developed a confused gender identity.
Male sexual behavior depends heavily on neurons in the medial preoptic area of the
hypothalamus releasing which substance?
a. testosterone
b. dopamine
c. estrogen
d. luteinizing hormone
Drinking pure water is the best way to reduce osmotic thirst.
Neurons that directly convey messages to muscles and glands are part of the central
nervous system.
It is possible for two heterozygous brown-eyed parents to have blue-eyed children.
The ethical debate between animal researchers and abolitionists has always proceeded
in an intelligent and mutually respectful way.
Discuss the relationship between sleep and memory.
Answer:
Answers will vary.
Most of the known neurotransmitters are synthesized from amino acids.
Once the brain is fully developed, the anatomy of the brain is unchanging.
Minimalists do not tolerate any kind of animal research.
Briefly describe the Babinski reflex.
Johannes Mller held that whatever excites a particular nerve establishes a special kind
of energy unique to that nerve.
Describe the steps in the normal prenatal development of the female reproductive
structures.
The genetic sex of an offspring is determined primarily by the sex chromosome
contributed by the mother.
The retinex theory accounts for the principle of color constancy.
Name the major structures of the middle ear.
A fixed sequence of movements is called a motor program.
The number of neurons in the brain is continually increasing throughout life.
