1) increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat content in your body can increase resting
metabolism. why is this?
a) because doing so requires exercise and exercising burns calories
b) because muscle cells have more mitochondria than fat cells, allowing for more
energy to be made from sugar
c) because adipocytes contain more cytoplasmic inclusions which slow down
metabolism
d) because fat cells have no blood supply and cannot carry nutrients to be metabolized
2) all of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland play a major role in growth and
metabolism.
a) true
b) false
3) sister chromatids
a) are found in cells called primary gametes.
b) contain twice the normal amount of dna.
c) occur during ovum formation.
d) are found in cells called primary gametes and contain twice the normal amount of
dna.
e) are found in cells called primary gametes, contain twice the normal amount of dna,
and occur during ovum formation.
4) this protein is activated by the ca2+-calmodulin complex to phosphorylate the
myosin light chain protein.
a) tropomyosin
b) myosin heavy chain
c) myosin light chain kinase
d) myosin light chain phosphatase
5) which of the following occurs during an erection?
a) the sympathetic nervous system constricts the veins leaving the penis.
b) blood fills the corpora spongiosum, causing it to engorge.
c) the veins of the corpora cavernosa dilate.
d) the parasympathetic nervous system dilates the arteries going into the penis.
6) a patient has elevated eosinophils and monocytes but normal levels of neutrophils,
basophils, and lymphocytes. which of the following could be causing those levels?
a) an acute bacterial infection
b) a chronic bacterial infection
c) a viral infection
d) a chronic parasitic infection
e) a severe allergic reaction
7) which of the following terms is not used to define the structure that separates the
contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium?
a) a cell wall
b) a cell membrane
c) plasma membrane
d) plasmalemma
e) all of the answers are correct.
8) what happens to the oxygen that is metabolized within the mitochondria?
a) the oxygen is converted to co2.
b) the oxygen is incorporated into organic molecules during cellular metabolism.
c) the oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.
d) the oxygen acts as a coenzyme in the production of atp.
e) the oxygen is converted to co2 and is combined with hydrogen to form water.
9) in the lumen of the proximal tubule, na+ concentration ________ the na+
concentration inside the cells of the tubule wall.
a) is much higher than
b) is slightly higher than
c) is about the same as
d) is slightly lower than
e) is much lower than
10) typically, when steroid hormones bind to their receptors,
a) adenylyl cyclase is activated.
b) cyclic nucleotides are formed.
c) g proteins are inhibited.
d) gene transcription may increase or decrease.
e) protein kinases are activated.
11) match the lung disease to its description.
a. fibrotic lung disease
b. emphysema
c. asthma
d. pulmonary edema
fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces
12) platelets are
a) large cells that lack a nucleus.
b) small cells that lack a nucleus.
c) large cells with a prominent, indented nucleus.
d) small cells with a many-shaped nucleus.
e) fragments of large cells.
13) generally, pco2 in arterial blood is ________ than pco2 in venous blood.
14) ________ allows the body to anticipate a stimulus and begin the response, whereas
negative feedback results in the ________ of a response.
15) the only fuel source for neurons under normal circumstances is ________. low
blood levels of this is termed ________, which can lead to confusion, unconsciousness,
and eventually death. in order to synthesize enough atp to continually transport ions, the
neurons also exhibit high rates of ________ consumption. to supply these needs about
________% of the blood pumped by the heart goes to the brain.
16) gustatory receptors are clustered in individual ________.
17) the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space is called ________.
18) what three stimuli control vasopressin secretion? the most potent stimulus for
vasopressin release is ________.
19) draw a map of the baroreceptor reflex, starting with decrease in blood pressure.
indicate on the map the following: stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, integrating
center, efferent pathway, effector, tissue response, systemic response.
20) discuss the gate control theory of pain modulation.