In the formation of acetic acid from pyruvic acid, the oxygen in the carbon dioxide
comes from oxygen gas.
Gastric hydrochloric acid secretion is regulated through both negative and positive
feedback mechanisms.
The charge difference across a membrane produces the membrane potential.
Both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials undergo summation.
The transport of water is always an active process.
Vitamin D produced in the skin may function as a hormone.
The collecting duct is naturally impermeable to salt but permeable to water.
Isomers are different forms of an enzyme.
Destruction of the superior colliculi would impact an individual’s hearing.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyzes the removal of hydrogen from pyruvic acid.
Transverse tubules contain voltage-gated calcium channels that respond to membrane
depolarization and are directly coupled to the calcium release channels in the
sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Ablation of the thyroid gland would cause a drop in basal metabolic rate.
Blood plasma and interstitial fluid are separated from each other and there is little
communication and exchange between these fluids.
Proteins to be used by the cell will fold into their secondary or tertiary structures at
polyribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Visual inputs are interpreted on the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
Proteins that will be secreted by the cell are made on the granular endoplasmic
reticulum.
Axons require ATP to produce an action potential.
Acclimatization to altitude results in increased oxygen loading.
Tissues are groups of cells that have similar functions.
LTP (long-term potentiation) studies have shown that protein synthesis must occur to
form dendritic spines to make more permanent changes in synapses to create long-term
memory.
Metabolism is a term that refers to all of the reactions in the body that involve energy
transformations.
Ionic bonds are very strong and will not easily dissociate in water.
Epithelial cells have a polarity dealing with transport.
Ablation of the superior colliculus of the midbrain would induce deafness.
Skeletal muscles with a low innervation ratio have a low degree of neural control.
The capsaicin receptor produces both heat and pain sensations by allowing Ca2+ and
Na+ to diffuse into the neuron through transient receptor potential channels.
Inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion would inhibit testosterone synthesis.
An important function of the liver is producing ketone bodies from fatty acids.
Gap junctions have only been identified in cardiac muscle.
Delta waves in an awake infant indicate brain damage.
Hypoxia may stimulate new blood vessel growth.
Oxytocin synthesis occurs in the neurohypophysis.
Serotonin is degraded in presynaptic neurons by monoamine oxidase.
It takes four protons to produce 1 ATP that will enter the cytoplasm of a cell.
Alternative splicing can explain how 1 gene can code for several different proteins.
The osmotic diuretic mannitol inhibits salt and water absorption in the proximal
convoluted tubule.
Most polypeptide and protein hormones are synthesized as prohormones.
Which of the following is NOT an essential amino acid?
A.leucine
B.valine
C.lysine
D.proline
Blocking 2-adrenergic receptors prevents airway
A. constriction.
B. dilation.
The final electron acceptor in aerobic cell respiration is
A.water.
B.oxygen.
C.carbon dioxide.
D.ATP.
The conducting zone contains all of the following EXCEPT
A.the primary bronchi.
B.the larynx.
C.the terminal bronchioles.
D.the respiratory bronchioles.
___________ is a principal bile acid.
A.Chenodeoxycholic acid.
B.Lactic acid.
C.Uric acid.
D.Both lactic acid and uric acid.
Ribozymes are RNA molecules that act as
A.hormones.
B.cofactors.
C.enzymes.
D.inhibitors.
The nuclear receptor protein required for differentiation of ________ is PPAR
(perioxisome proliferator activated receptor ).
A.erythrocytes
B.fibroblasts
C.adipocytes
D.reticulocytes
Most of the circulating blood can be found in
A.veins.
B.capillaries.
C.arterioles.
D.arteries.
Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum?
A.insula, temporal, parietal, pons, occipital
B.temporal, frontal, insula, cerebellum, occipital
C.frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, occipital
D.cerebrum, midbrain, thalamus, pons, medulla oblongata
Myosin contains binding sites for ______________ and _____________.
A.sodium, calcium.
B.troponin, ATP.
C.ATP, actin.
D.actin, calcium.
The autonomic nervous system
A.innervates skeletal muscle.
B.is not usually under conscious control.
C.is always excitatory.
D.has a single nerve extending from the spinal cord.
A tumor suppressing the activity of which brain area could induce obesity?
A.ventromedial hypothalamus
B.lateral hypothalamus
C.dorsomedial hypothalamus
D.anterior hypothalamus
A common oxidizing agent used to couple chemical reactions in cells is
A.riboflavin.
B.niacin.
C.NADH.
D.FAD.
Inhibition of the actions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes causes
A.decreased antibody secretion.
B.decreased stimulation of B lymphocytes.
C.increased secretion of perforin.
D.None of the choices are correct.
A very thin female would have low amounts of leptin and may enter puberty late or
experience amenorrhea.
The sodium equilibrium potential using an extracellular Na+ concentration of 145
mEq/L and an intracellular concentration of 14 mEq/L would be about
A. -90mV.
B. +62mV.
C. -62mV.
D. +90mV.
Pernicious anemia develops if there is a vitamin ________ deficiency.
A.C
B.B6
C.B12
D.D
Cessation of breathing is known as
A.apnea.
B.dyspnea.
C.eupnea.
D.pneumothorax.
Glycolysis converts glucose into two ______________ molecules.
A.glycogen
B.lactic acid
C.acetyl CoA
D.pyruvic acid
Coronary bypass surgery is performed
A.to limit myocardial ischemia.
B.to increase blood pressure.
C.in response to an aneurysm.
D.in response to hypertension.
How does the circulatory system provide protection for the body?
A. prevents blood loss through clotting
B. leukocytes fight infection
C. provides the body’s immunity
D. All apply
The main region of aldosterone action is the
A.distal convoluted tubule.
B.proximal convoluted tubule.
C.medullary collecting duct.
D.cortical collecting duct.
Sensory neurons
A. are multipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS.
B. are pseudounipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS.
C. are bipolar and carry impulses away from the CNS.
D. are multipolar and carry impulses away from the CNS.
The total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is the
A.vital capacity.
B.total lung capacity.
C.tidal volume.
D.functional residual capacity.
The last embryonic tissue layer to form is the
A.trophoblast.
B.endoderm.
C.ectoderm.
D.mesoderm.
Which of the following is NOT a action of angiotensin II to raise blood pressure?
A. stimulates the thirst center in the hypothalamus
B. stimulates production of aldosterone
C. causes vasodilation in arterioles
D. increases peripheral resistance
Which of the following is NOT an effect of gastrin?
A.stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl
B.stimulates chief cells to secrete pepsinogen
C.stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice enzymes
D.maintains structure of gastric mucosa
The amount of energy contained in fat is
A. 4 kilocalories per gram.
B. 5 kilocalories per gram.
C. 9 kilocalories per gram.
D. 15 kilocalories per gram.
Which of the following is NOT a function of integrins?
A. glue components of the matrix
B. communicate between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
C. allow diffusion to occur through the plasma membrane
D. establish cell polarity
Folds of the plasma membrane that increase surface area are called
A. cilia.
B. microvilli.
C. flagella.
D. vesicles.
The greatest increase in entropy occurs
A.when starch is degraded to glucose.
B.when amylase produces maltose.
C.when glucose is converted to galactose.
D.when ATP is synthesized.