1) identify the false statement regarding sensory receptor cells.
a) threshold is the minimal stimulus intensity required to generate an action potential.
b) sensory transduction converts stimulus energy into a receptor potential.
c) each type of sensory receptor responds only to the stimulus that defines the receptor.
d) a graded potential is referred to as a receptor potential.
e) many sensory receptor cells are not nerve cells.
2) the region where the axon terminal meets its target cell is called the
a) collateral.
b) hillock.
c) synapse.
d) nerve.
e) dendrites.
3) the lungs are located in the ________ cavity.
a) pericardial
b) pulmonary
c) pleural
d) thoracic
e) costal
4) match the structure to its description.
a. muscle spindles
b. golgi tendon organs
c. both
the motor neurons that innervate the normal contractile fibers of the muscle are the
________.
5) the initial change in heart rate at the onset of exercise is due to
a) sympathetic stimulation.
b) the withdrawal of parasympathetic inhibition.
c) stretching of the cardiac muscle fibers in response to increased venous return.
d) overfilling of the ventricles.
6) which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in a person suffering
from type i diabetes mellitus?
a) glucosuria
b) ketoacidosis
c) thirst and polydipsia
d) hyperglycemia
e) all of these answers are correct.
7) nociceptors are responsible for the perception of
a) pain only.
b) skin stretch only.
c) itch only.
d) pain and itch.
e) pain and skin stretch.
8) match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
a. increase
b. decrease
increased pco2
9) tissue factor is released in the
a) extrinsic pathway.
b) intrinsic pathway.
c) common pathway.
d) retraction pathway.
e) fibrinolytic pathway.
10) the reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the
a) stretch reflex.
b) tendon reflex.
c) flexor reflex.
d) crossed extensor reflex.
e) reciprocal reflex.
11) ________ is the backup energy molecule that can be rapidly converted to atp in
active skeletal muscle.
a) protein
b) glucose
c) fatty acid
d) phosphocreatine
12) tay-sachs is a disease caused by having ineffective
a) mitochondria.
b) golgi bodies.
c) lysosomes.
d) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
e) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
13) which of the following best explains why exercise can help reduce the necessity for
insulin use in people with type ii diabetes mellitus?
a) exercise upregulates insulin receptors.
b) exercise uses up blood sugar before its levels can become elevated.
c) exercise reduces cortisol levels.
d) exercise doesn’t help type ii diabetes.
14) gluconeogenesis refers to
a) converting glucose to glycogen storage.
b) removing glucose from storage as glycogen.
c) creating glucose from glycerol, amino acids, or lactate.
d) converting glucose to storage as adipose tissue.
e) removing fatty acids from adipose storage.
15) the carotid and aortic bodies contain specialized ________ cells, which can increase
ventilation in response to changes in po2, pco2, or ph.
16) ________ are fixed macrophages that are found in the central nervous system.
17) todd is in the emergency room, complaining of severe back pain and pain when
trying to urinate. the physician has ordered blood tests and urinalysis to measure levels
of parathyroid hormone (pth) and phosphates. what possible reason would the physician
have for doing this? what would the physician conclude if the results of the blood test
show high levels of pth and calcium and the urinalysis shows high levels of phosphate?
how are calcium and phosphates related?
18) juan has great hopes that his 12-year-old son will play professional basketball and
wants to do anything that might be helpful. he has heard that the administration of
testosterone or other androgens might increase his son’s height. alarmed, you tell him
that this may be a treatment that would actually limit his future athletic potential. why?
19) the opening between each atrium and its ventricle is guarded by the ________,
which connects the ventricular side to collagenous tendons, called ________. ________
muscles provide stability for these tendons.
20) place these organs in order of descending percentage of blood flow received at rest:
bones and other connective, brain, digestive organs and liver, heart, kidneys, lungs,
skeletal muscle, skin.
21) ________ cells enable the immune system to respond more quickly if the same
antigen is encountered a second time.