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1) David is addicted to a drug that increases his blood sugar level, temporarily giving
him more energy. David always takes this drug in the bathroom. He finds that he
becomes tired when he enters the bathroom and also that he needs more and more of the
drug to maintain the same high energy level. From the perspective of classical
conditioning, which one of the following is the most likely explanation of Davids
increasing addiction to the drug?
a.Lowering blood sugar level to counteract the effect of the drug has become a
conditioned response to the bathroom stimulus.
b.David has learned to respond to some drugs but not to others through the combined
processes of stimulus discrimination and higher-order conditioning.
c.Taking the drugs provides negative reinforcement, in that David no longer feels tired.
d.Associative bias has predisposed David to associate the bathroom with fatigue.
2) Three of the following teachers are providing scaffolding to help their students learn.
Which one is not necessarily providing scaffolding?
a.Ms. Applegate gives her students a structure to follow when they write their first
essay.
b.Mr. Bernardo teaches students how to perform an overhand throw by gently guiding
each student through the correct movement a few times.
c.Ms. Chen gives her class some hints about how to solve an especially difficult word
problem.
d.Mr. Donaldson takes his students on an all-day field trip to the art museum.
3) Ms. Hernandez is concerned about Brian, a student in her high school chemistry
class who rarely interacts with other students. Ms. Hernandez decides to smile at Brian
on those occasions when she happens to notice him talking with another student. Yet
after three weeks she sees little change in his behavior. Based on this information,
which one of the following is definitely wrong with Ms. Hernandezs approach?
a.Brian has little to gain by changing his behavior.
b.Brian is receiving intermittent rather than continuous reinforcement.
c.Social interaction is not an intrinsically reinforcing activity.
d.A smile is not an effective reinforcer.
4) Which one of the following best illustrates collective self-efficacy in teachers?
a.The teachers at West Middle School confer weekly about students who they believe
are at risk for academic failure, and they are confident that, by working together, they
can help these students be successful at school.
b.The teachers at South Elementary School have coordinated what they do at each
grade level so that at any particular grade, students master the knowledge and skills
they will need in the following grade.
c.The English teachers at East High School have agreed on how they will teach the
required freshman English class. That way, students will have a similar classroom
experience no matter which teacher they have for the course.
d.A third-grade teacher and a fourth-grade teacher at North Elementary School have
combined their two classes into one large class. Sometimes they team-teach the entire
group. At other times they divide the class into two smaller groups, one of which is
ready for more advanced work than the other.
5) In Mr. Medeiross classroom, students are given play money each time they turn in an
assignment; they receive additional amounts of money if the assignment is turned in on
time and if it is done correctly. At the end of each week, students can use their money to
purchase special privileges (free time, field trips, etc.). Mr. Medeiros approach to
teaching can best be characterized as:
a.programmed instruction
b.a group contingency
c.a token economy
d.a contingency contract
6) When George attends the first day of an Advanced Placement class in biology, he
thinks to himself, This is going to be a really hard class. I dont know if I have what it
takes to understand and remember all this stuff. Which one of the following concepts
from social cognitive theory do Georges misgivings best exemplify?
a.self-reaction
b.self-observation
c.self-efficacy for learning
d.self-efficacy for performance
7) Which one of the following teachers provides the best example of the halo effect?
a.Mr. Abrams likes Frank better than Mark because Frank is the more polite of the two
students.
b.Ms. Bernadette always gives students the benefit of the doubt when they exhibit
borderline test performance.
c.Mr. Cordell overrates Cathys gymnastic skills because she is head cheerleader.
d.Ms. DiStefano believes that all students can learn calculus if they study hard enough.
8) Martha is trying to decide what to give to her best friend Rose as a birthday present.
She begins by looking closely at how Rose spends her time. She also browses in a
number of different department stores to identify numerous things within her price
range. Then she lets the problem incubate in her head for a few days while she engages
in other activities. Eventually she chooses what she thinks will be the best gift for Rose.
Marthas approach to the problem can probably best be understood from which of the
following perspectives of problem solving?
a.Stages of problem solving
b.Trial-and-error
c.The Gestalt notion of insight
d.Response hierarchy
9) Imagine that you have an upcoming exam on a very difficult topic you studied in one
of your classes. With findings about contextual cues in mind, choose the setting in
which you would perform best on the exam.
a.A small, quiet room at the library
b.The classroom in which you originally studied the material
c.A classroom in which youve studied a very different topic
d.A caf at which youve spent many relaxing evenings
10) Tracy enjoys reading mystery novels and reads at least two a week. Her mother
wants to encourage Tracys reading and so begins to pay her daughter one dollar for
each completed mystery novel. Considering research regarding the extrinsic
reinforcement of intrinsically reinforcing activities, we would expect Tracy eventually
to:
a.Double her rate of reading mystery novels
b.Triple her rate of reading mystery novels
c.Lower her rate of reading mystery novels
d.Stop reading mystery novels altogether
11) Which one of the following illustrates personal interest rather than situational
interest?
a.Jennifer is puzzled when a peeled hardboiled egg is suddenly sucked into a bottle after
the teacher lights a fire inside the bottle.
b.Trent gets totally wrapped up in the adventure novel he is reading during his free time
in class.
c.Riley cant wait to find out whats in the big cardboard box his teacher has brought to
school today.
d.Victoria loves ballet and wants to become a ballerina when she grows up.
