A leaderʹs legitimate power flows from the expertise that the individual possesses.
Research indicates that people who always are happy are less productive at work.
Ten volunteers had been working separately folding thousands of letters and stuffing
envelopes for a political candidate. If they worked together as a team, the job would be
completed more quickly.
As a general rule, organizations reward employees who blow the whistle on corrupt,
unsafe, and unlawful practices. Their actions ʺkeep the company honest.ʺ
Whether groups perform better than individuals is dependent upon the nature of the task
at hand and the expertise of the people involved.
To be fair, the procedures used as the basis for making a decision about one person must
be applied equally to making a decision about others.
Nearly all Fortune 500 companies rely on 360-degree feedback in some form or other.
To maximize creativity, it is recommended that people should work on several projects.
If they work on just one project, they run the risk of getting stale.
For strategic plans to succeed, it is essential that the organization has a culture that
encourages employees to be innovative and to communicate clearly with one another.
Although in existence for almost forty years, affirmative action programs have failed to
improve the employment opportunities for women and minority groups.
The central focus of scientific management is to improve worker productivity and to get
people to do more work in less time.
Expectancy theory assumes that, to be motivated, employees must believe that they are
capable of achieving a specific goal, and that goal achievement will lead to desirable
outcomes.
Job enrichment adds to job responsibilities, while job enlargement adds more tasks.
After two losing seasons, a high school baseball team usually will become more
cohesive as the players unite to share their disappointments and to strive to turn the
program around.
One way to distinguish a team from a work group is that a team governs itself to some
extent, while a work group is subject to external control.
Because employees are interested in ʺputting their best foot forward,ʺ information that
flows upwards from subordinates to their managers is less accurate than downward
communication.
According to B.F. Skinner, if your supervisor reprimands you for returning late from
lunch, you are less likely to be late in the future.
In a successful brainstorming group, members are encouraged to share their ideas
freely, without fear of criticism. One person may build on another memberʹs ideas.
Valence recognizes that not all outcomes are equally attractive to all employees.
An event will become a stressor only if the person acknowledges the danger and
difficulty of coping with it.
For a boundaryless organization to function effectively, there must be a high level of
trust among all parties concerned, and all employees must have such a high level of
skill that they can operate without managerial guidance.
In social science, three people waiting at the bus stop are considered a group, as is the
board of directors of a large corporation.
Job satisfaction at work influences employeesʹ moods at home.
A company has a competitive advantage over other businesses when it continually
outperforms the competition.
A taxi driver is a more stressful occupation than an electrical technician.
Perry Lund is a federal prosecutor specializing in major tax fraud cases. He must
decide, based upon the evidence, whether or not to arrest the sitting governor accused
of using off-shore accounts to avoid paying taxes on his investment income. This would
be an example of a nonprogrammed decision.
The Theory X philosophy of management assumes that people have a psychological
need to work and seek achievement and responsibility.
To reduce perceptions of inequity, an employer should not keep salary information
private and confidential.
Job dissatisfaction is the most important reason for voluntary turnover and absenteeism.
Organizational development techniques have been found to be effective globally.
Organizations and employees of all cultures can benefit from the application of OD
techniques.
With reference to goal setting theory, a manager should set challenging goals for the
employees and insist that the goals be met.
A textile company grows its own sheep, harvests the wool, weaves the cloth, and
manufactures the garments
which are marketed on its Internet website. This company is said to be
A) vertically integrated.
B) a bureaucracy.
C) a conglomerate.
D) modular.
If three automobile companies (from North America, Europe, and Asi
A) joined forces to develop a fuel-efficient
engine, they would be operating
A) a conglomerate.
B) a strategic alliance.
C) a virtual organization.
D) a mega corporation.
When we integrate and interpret information about others in order to accurately
understand them, we are engaging in
A) social perception.
B) correspondent inferences.
C) interpersonal attribution.
D) personal identification.
Which of the following is the best definition of ethics?
A) Standards of conduct that guide peopleʹs decisions and behavior
B) Moral values that determine behavior
C) Philosophical principles that are universal in their applications
D) Fundamental beliefs about what is right and what is wrong
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
A) Firing an employee for distributing illegal drugs at work
B) Observing how the boss responds when other employees arrive late
C) Coming to work on time to avoid being reprimanded
D) No longer providing meal vouchers to employees who work overtime
In work teams, ________ involves learning the jobs performed by other team members.
A) redundancy
B) supervision
C) cross-training
D) initiation
A personʹs fundamental evaluation of self is called
A) core self-evaluation.
B) self-esteem.
C) self-efficacy.
D) intelligence.
Jodie did not want to begin interviewing before spring semester of her senior year, and
she limited her job search to firms located in the Midwest that interviewed on her
campus. After receiving four offers meeting those criteria, she selected the job paying
the highest salary with the best training program. This is an example of
A) satisficing.
B) empowered decision making.
C) bounded rationality.
D) optimizing.
Someone who is down-to-earth and has narrow interests would be classified as
A) closed to experience.
B) high in conscientiousness.
C) emotionally stable.
D) introverted.
Allowing employees to make the decisions required to do their jobs without seeking
supervisory approval is
the idea behind
A) top-down decision making.
B) rational decision making.
C) programmed decision making.
D) empowered decision making.
The value theory approach implies that the best way to satisfy employees is to
A) reinforce the unique value of each employee to the firm.
B) raise their pay and benefits to a level comparable with similar firms.
C) find out what they want, and to the extent possible, give it to them.
D) regularly survey the employees to quantify their attitudes.
________ is a highly effective method of developing leaders that involves
custom-tailored, one-on-one
learning aimed at improving an individual leaderʹs performance.
A) Mentoring
B) 360-degree feedback
C) Networking
D) Executive coaching
An individualʹs belief about his/her capacity to succeed at a goal is called
A) goal commitment.
B) self-efficacy.
C) goal acceptance.
D) self-esteem.
What is the purpose of an ethics audit?
A) To clearly articulate the companyʹs ethical expectations to employees
B) To assess the morality of the employeesʹ behavior
C) To provide strategies for ensuring ethical conduct throughout the company
D) To describe what the organization stands for
The main difference between verbal and non-verbal communication is that verbal
communication
A) uses words.
B) does not express feelings.
C) is planned.
D) is more accurate.
According to image theory, people make decisions on the basis of a simple two-step
process. What are the two steps?
A) Formulation process; implementation process
B) Rationality; satisficing
C) Compatibility test; profitability test
D) Evaluation; selection
Not paying people what they deserve or asking them to work ʺoff the clockʺ contributes
to feelings of
A) unethical behavior.
B) organizational equity.
C) informational injustice.
D) distributive injustice.
Frederick Winslow Taylor recommended that
A) a bureaucracy be established to provide order in the workplace.
B) employees be carefully selected and trained to perform their jobs.
C) a standard hourly wage be implemented to discourage absenteeism.
D) workers be given more autonomy in the operation of their jobs.
Fear of the unknown, threats to social relationships, and habit are all
A) causes of structural inertia.
B) pressures on organizations to change.
C) indications of economic insecurity.
D) individual barriers to change.
________ justice involves peopleʹs perceptions of the fairness of the manner in which
they are treated by other
people such as authority figures.
A) Interpersonal
B) Distributive
C) Procedural
D) Informational
Tom, Cole, Sean, and Abigail have never met one another. They are employed by
Precision Software to develop new products, live in different states, and communicate
electronically. However, they have collaborated to develop some of the best-selling
games on the market. They are members of a(n)
A) self-managed work team.
B) virtual team.
C) temporary work team.
D) electronic organization.
Equity theory classifies pay, benefits, and prestige as
A) inputs.
B) outcomes.
C) outputs.
D) rewards.
Group cohesiveness is characterized by all of the following except:
A) members are attracted to each other.
B) members value social interaction over performance.
C) members accept the groupʹs goals.
D) members desire to remain part of the group.
Equity theory assumes that employees want
A) to be treated fairly.
B) to be recognized for achievements.
C) equal pay for equal work.
D) a fair dayʹs pay for a fair dayʹs work.
Product organizations have several drawbacks, including
A) the loss of economies of scale stemming from duplication of activities.
B) the inability to focus on overall organizational goals.
C) employees develop a narrow perspective of the companyʹs operations.
D) each unit lacks all the resources needed to develop, manufacture, and sell its
products.
A group of foremen, meeting for cocktails after work, were talking about problems each
was experiencing with worker tardiness. Betty told the others that she had called the HR
department asking that a memo be sent to all employees reinforcing the firmʹs
attendance and punctuality policies. Bettyʹs comment is an example of
A) informal communication.
B) the grapevine.
C) upward communication.
D) a rumor.
Which of the following are examples of social emotions?
A) affection, longing, and lust
B) cheerfulness, contentment, and optimism
C) shame, suffering, and sympathy
D) envy, jealousy, and scorn
Southern Fried Fishʹs sales began to fall in response to reports about the dangers of a
high-fat diet. In response, Southern Fried Fish changed its name to Southern Seafood
and introduced non-fried items to the menu. They were adopting a(n)
A) exit strategy.
B) market-concentration strategy.
C) pro-active strategy.
D) turnaround strategy.
Leadership training is based on the assumption that
A) leadership makes a difference in organizations.
B) leaders are born, not made.
C) not everyone can develop leadership skills.
D) there is only one way to train people to be leaders.
________ trust exists whenever people believe that another person will behave as
promised out of fear of
getting punished.
A) Interrogative
B) Identification-based
C) Calculus-based
D) Coercive
Expectancy theory defines valence as
A) the probability that a behavior will lead to a desired outcome.
B) the value of the rewards received to the people receiving them.
C) the effort the person exerts.
D) the attractiveness of achieving a specific goal.
In the Big Five dimensions of personality, extroversion is defined as the degree to
which someone is
A) energetic, enthusiastic, sociable, and talkative.
B) domineering, aggressive, and outspoken.
C) charismatic and popular.
D) cooperative, good-natured, and warm.
Which of the following is NOT a rule of brainstorming?
A) Build on othersʹ ideas
B) Offer as many comments as possible
C) Criticize othersʹ ideas freely
D) Share even far-out suggestions