Unit K: Computer Programming Basics
TRUE/FALSE
1. BASIC is an example of a low-level language.
2. Progammers disagree on what defines the fourth-generation languages.
3. An assembly language allows programmers to use abbreviated command words.
4. A low-level language includes command words and grammar based on human language.
5. All computer programs follow the same basic structure.
6. Software engineering is a general term that covers computer programming activities, such as coding
and testing.
7. Ada Lovelace was the first computer programmer.
8. On average, a programmer can write, test, and document a maximum of 100 lines of code per day.
9. Different algorithms can be used to complete the same task.
10. After you devise an algorithm, the next step is to write the problem statement.
11. Machine languages are classified as procedural languages.
12. The figure above represents the procession of instructions in a program.
13. A program written in procedural language is difficult to use for problems with a specific start and end
point.
14. A program specification is a blueprint for a computer program.
15. Using a VDE saves development time.
16. A text editor, as shown in the figure above, is a generic word processing tool that can be used to type
in program code.
17. The figure above represents an example of a repetition control structure.
18. DO…WHILE is an example of a loop command.
19. Skilled programmers often use the GOTO command because it is the simplest control structure.
20. A class is defined by attributes.
21. Java is an example of an object-oriented language.
22. The object-oriented paradigm is inefficient for problems that involve real-world objects.
23. A procedural programming language can autonomously run through every possible instantiation,
backtracking if necessary to deal with multiple variables.
24. Prolog can manipulate facts in several ways without explicit programming.
25. The procedural paradigm focus on the algorithm that describes the solution, and the declarative
paradigm focuses on describing the problem.
26. HTML can perform complicated tasks and respond to user actions.
27. VBScript allows a Web designer to embed simple program instructions into the text of an HTML
document.
28. Java applets can be programmed to open or modify files on your computer.
29. Asking the computer to divide by 0 is an example of a run-time error.
30. If the purpose of code is not clear, a program section should include program documentation.
31. The debugging process is the same whether the program is written in a compiled or interpreted
language.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A(n) ____ language consists of commands represented as 1s and 0s that correspond to the processor’s
instruction set.
a.
machine
c.
second-generation
b.
assembly
d.
declarative
2. ____-generation languages eliminate many punctuation and grammar-rules.
a.
Second
c.
Fourth
b.
Third
d.
Fifth
3. The U.S. Defense Department defines a small computer program as one with fewer with ____ lines of
code.
a.
1,000,000
c.
10,000
b.
100,000
d.
100
4. Software ____ incorporates mathematical and management techniques and is used on large software
projects to reduce costs.
a.
computing
c.
programming
b.
development
d.
engineering
5. In a problem statement, information such as the prices, sizes, and shapes of pizza from a pizzeria
represent ____.
a.
known information
c.
specifications
b.
assumptions
d.
fields
6. ____ is the notation system for algorithms that is less formalized than Structured English.
a.
Flowcharting
c.
Procedural
b.
Pseudocode
d.
Assembly language
7. Which of the following is NOT a way to express an algorithm?
a.
Flowcharts
c.
Problem statements
b.
Object Definitions
d.
Structured English
8. Which of the following does NOT fall under the classification of procedural languages?
a.
Machine languages
c.
Third-generation languages
b.
Assembly languages
d.
Natural languages
9. The program shown in the figure above is coded using a(n) ____.
a.
text editor
c.
VDE
b.
program editor
d.
event-driven language
10. ____ is an example of a program editor.
a.
Notepad
c.
Jext
b.
Wordpad
d.
VDE
11. Microsoft Visual Basic was one of the first languages to feature ____.
a.
natural language
c.
formatting codes
b.
a VDE
d.
a text editor
12. The program flow shown in the figure above is determined by the ____ command.
a.
GOTO
c.
BASIC
b.
FOR…NEXT
d.
IF….THEN…ELSE
13. Which of the following is NOT an example of a repetition command?
a.
FOR
c.
WHILE
b.
DO
d.
GOTO
14. A decision structure is another term for a ____ control structure.
a.
sequential
c.
procedural
b.
repetition
d.
selection
15. Which of the following is NOT an example of a String Multiple data type?
a.
Characters
c.
Decimals
b.
Symbols
d.
Numerals
16. ____ is the process of hiding the internal details of objects and methods.
a.
Encapsulation
c.
Hierarchy
b.
Private attribution
d.
Polymorphism
17. A basic way to use objects in an OO program is to manipulate them with ____.
a.
attributes
c.
classes
b.
methods
d.
subclasses
18. In a Prolog program, a(n) ____ is a general statement about the relationship between facts.
a.
attribute
c.
statement
b.
rule
d.
argument
19. ____ is a process by which every possible solution is tried.
a.
Backtracking
c.
Arguing
b.
Instantiation
d.
Walkthrough
20. A(n) ____ is an unchanging value or attribute.
a.
rule
c.
argument
b.
fact
d.
constant
21. In a Java applet, source code is compiled into ____ and stored in a file with the .class extension.
a.
JavaScript
c.
HTML
b.
bytecode
d.
JVM
22. A(n) ____ control is a compiled computer program that can be referenced from an HTML document,
downloaded and installed on your computer, and executed from within the browser.
a.
JavaScript
c.
ActiveX
b.
VBScript
d.
XML
23. Most Prolog compilers provide a(n) ____ feature that allows you to track through each instantiation.
a.
trace
c.
walkthrough
b.
debugger
d.
backtrack
24. A(n) ____ error results from instructions that the computer cannot execute.
a.
syntax
c.
bug
b.
execution
d.
run-time
25. ____ documentation includes the problem statement and algorithm.
a.
Internal
c.
Program
b.
External
d.
User
COMPLETION
1. A computer ____________________ is a set of instructions that tell a computer how to carry out a
task.
2. A(n) ____________________ is a word in a program such as WRITE, READ, or IF…THEN.
3. Java, BASIC, and COBOL are all examples of programming ____________________.
4. The ____________________ information in a problem statement is what you supply to the computer
in order to solve the problem.
5. In a problem statement, a(n) ____________________ is something you accept as true in order to
proceed with the program design.
6. A(n) ____________________, as shown in the figure above, is a graphical representation of the way
that a computer should progress from one instruction to the next.
7. Before finalizing an algorithm, you should perform a ____________________ to verify that it works.
8. A document that combines the problem statement and algorithm is called a program
____________________.
9. A(n) ________________________________________ is a tool for programming software
applications for graphical environments, such as Windows
10. A(n) ____________________ is a screen-based object whose behavior can be defined by a
programmer.
11. A ____________________ control structure, as shown in the figure above, is an instruction that
specifies what to do based on whether a condition is true or false.
12. Loop and iteration are other words for a ____________________ control structure.
13. During ____________________ program execution, the computer performs each instruction in the
order it appears.
14. The ____________________ class attribute data type is limited to two values, such as T or F.
15. ____________________ refers to passing certain characteristics from one class to another class in
object-oriented programming.
16. A(n) ____________________ is a template for a group of objects with similar characteristics.
17. The ____________________ paradigm describes a problem without specifying how to solve it.
18. In the context of a Prolog program, a(n) ____________________ is a statement that provides the
computer with information to solve a problem.
19. In a Prolog program, words in parentheses are called ____________________.
20. A Java ____________________ is a small Java program.
21. A(n) ____________________-side script consists of scripting statements embedded in an HTML
document.
22. A(n) ____________________-side script is a statement that accepts and processes data submitted by a
form and generates a custom HTML document.
23. ____________________ is a permanent record, written by a programmer, that explains how your
program works.
24. A(n) ____________________ error might have been caused by an inadequate definition of a problem
or incomplete solution.
25. A(n) ____________________ error can be caused because of a missing word.
MATCHING
Match the programming paradigm with its description or language.
a.
Procedural
d.
Functional
b.
Object-oriented
e.
Event-driven
c.
Declarative
1. Emphasizes linear, step-by-step algorithms.
2. Visual Basic, C#.
3. Focuses on the use of facts and rules to describe a problem.
4. C++ and Java.
5. Emphasizes the evaluation of expressions.
Match the programming term with its definition or example.
a.
Debugger
c.
Remarks
b.
Logic
d.
Trace
6. Error type with possible origins in the flowchart or pseudocode.
7. Feature that tracks through each instantiation of a Prolog program.
8. Steps through a program and locates errors.
9. An explanatory comment embedded in a program.
Match the Web programming term with its definition.
a.
XML
d.
ActiveX
b.
XSL
e.
JVM
c.
DTD
10. Creates customized tags that control data display.
11. A compiled program that is installed on your machine and run from within your browser.
12. Converts bytecode into machine language.
13. Files can be referenced from a known server by any Web programmer.
14. Method for putting database records into a text file.
ESSAY
1. List three features of a well-written problem statement.
2. Describe the event-driven paradigm and why it is effective.
3. Describe what the procedural paradigm is used for, and name one advantage and disadvantage.
4. Discuss the potential disadvantage of object-oriented programs.
ANS:
5. Describe the differences between JavaScript and Java applets.