Physics Chapter 22 The Climate Would Become Drier With Increased

5) Scientists have discovered crustal rocks that date all the way back to the beginning of the

Hadean.

6) If it weren’t for the presence of the atmosphere on Earth, surface temperatures would be up to

60° F colder and the hydrologic cycle would cease.

7) Oxygen was one of the main gases in the early atmosphere.

8) By 4 billion years ago, as much as 90% of the current volume of seawater on Earth was

contained in early ocean basins.

9) The acidity levels of the early oceans were much lower than today, so it took four billion years

of weathering in order to reach the level of salinity present in the oceans today.

10) Banded iron deposits are being created today at black smokers near mid-ocean ridges.

11) Most Precambrian rocks lack fossils, which makes correlating rock units over large distances

difficult.

12) Rodinia split apart gradually between 800 and 600 million years ago.

13) The event that created the Trans-Hudson mountain belt marks the formation of the Siberian

Craton.

14) The Appalachian Mountains formed at the beginning of the Paleozoic Era with the uplift of

the Taconic Highlands.

15) Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes.

16) Stromatolites went extinct at the end of the Permian Period along with 95% of all marine

species on Earth.

17) During the Precambrian, prokaryotes existed in the seas whereas eukaryotes existed on the

continents.

18) Flying reptiles are a form of dinosaur.

19) Dinosaurs and large mammals coexisted during the Mesozoic Era.

20) The flowering plants that developed during the Cenozoic were gymnosperms.

21) Mammals did not evolve until the beginning of the Cenozoic and then did so to fill an

evolutionary niche left behind by the dinosaurs.

22) Recent studies have indicated that dinosaurs may have been warm-blooded rather than cold-

blooded.

22.3 Short Answer Questions

1) Why is the molten metallic core of the Earth necessary for life to exist?

2) What were the first three elements to form after the Big Bang?

3) Explain how interstellar debris will eventually form a planetesimal.

4) Describe conditions on the Earth during the Hadean. How long did these conditions last?

5) What materials make up the alternating layers of the banded iron formations?

6) Centered around Hudson Bay in North America and extending to Greenland, the ________

Shield is composed of Precambrian rocks that cover 2.8 million square miles.

7) What affect would the formation of a supercontinent have on the climate of this landmass?

8) A(n) ________ is a period where a supercontinent rifts into fragments, spreads apart, and the

fragments reassemble into a new supercontinent.

9) Subduction of the ________ Plate beneath the North American Plate at approximately 60

million years ago resulted in the ________ Orogeny that created the Rocky Mountains.

10) What era, period, and epoch do we currently exist in?

11) ________ are organisms that reproduce sexually and have cells that contain nuclei.

12) Which evolved on Earth first: prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

13) Circle the Correct Answer: All multicellular organisms are (prokaryotes / eukaryotes).

14) Why did invertebrates, particularly arthropods, get so large in the Late Paleozoic?

15) What geologic process triggered the Permian Extinction? Where did the trigger occur?

16) Name a modern descendant of the gymnosperm plants of the Mesozoic.

17) Some of the dominant marine reptiles of the Mesozoic were reptiles whose ancestors had

evolved on land, but returned to life in the sea. What physiological evidence supports this

interpretation?

18) What event was responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs?

30

22.4 Matching Questions

Put the steps of formation of the early solar system in order from oldest to youngest. (Note:

“First” refers to the oldest event and “Fifth” refers to the youngest.)

A) Accretion of rocky debris creates planetesimals

B) Contraction of gases and start of nuclear fusion in the first stars

C) Rapid expansion of compact, dense mass to create matter and space

D) Accretion of materials to create protoplanets

E) Formation and rotation of solar nebula

1) First

Diff: 2

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

Global Sci Out: 2

Section: 22.2 – Birth of a Planet

Focus/Concepts: 22.2

Earth Science LO: 2.2 – Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion

years ago.

2) Second

Diff: 2

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

Global Sci Out: 2

Section: 22.2 – Birth of a Planet

Focus/Concepts: 22.2

Earth Science LO: 2.2 – Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion

years ago.

3) Third

Diff: 2

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

Global Sci Out: 2

Section: 22.2 – Birth of a Planet

Focus/Concepts: 22.2

Earth Science LO: 2.2 – Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion

years ago.

4) Fourth

Diff: 2

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

Global Sci Out: 2

Section: 22.2 – Birth of a Planet

Focus/Concepts: 22.2

Earth Science LO: 2.2 – Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion

years ago.

5) Fifth

Diff: 2

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

Global Sci Out: 2

Section: 22.2 – Birth of a Planet

Focus/Concepts: 22.2

Earth Science LO: 2.2 – Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion

years ago.

32

Match the geologic biologic event to the correct geologic time period.

A) Silurian to Devonian

B) Tertiary

C) Mississippian to Permian

D) Triassic to Cretaceous

E) Early Cambrian

F) Cambrian to Ordovician

6) Age of Fishes

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 22.7 – Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes, 22.8 – Mesozoic Era: Age of Dinosaurs, & 22.9 –

Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals

Focus/Concepts: 22.7, 22.8, & 22.9

Earth Science LO: 2.1 – Earth’s rocks and other materials provide a record of its history, 6.2 –

Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process,

& 6.4 – More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth’s history.

7) First life forms with hard parts

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 22.7 – Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes, 22.8 – Mesozoic Era: Age of Dinosaurs, & 22.9 –

Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals

Focus/Concepts: 22.7, 22.8, & 22.9

Earth Science LO: 2.1 – Earth’s rocks and other materials provide a record of its history, 6.2 –

Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process,

& 6.4 – More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth’s history.

8) Age of Invertebrates

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 22.7 – Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes, 22.8 – Mesozoic Era: Age of Dinosaurs, & 22.9 –

Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals

Focus/Concepts: 22.7, 22.8, & 22.9

Earth Science LO: 2.1 – Earth’s rocks and other materials provide a record of its history, 6.2 –

Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process,

& 6.4 – More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth’s history.

9) Age of Mammals

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 22.7 – Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes, 22.8 – Mesozoic Era: Age of Dinosaurs, & 22.9 –

Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals

Focus/Concepts: 22.7, 22.8, & 22.9

Earth Science LO: 2.1 – Earth’s rocks and other materials provide a record of its history, 6.2 –

Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process,

& 6.4 – More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth’s history.

10) Age of Reptiles

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 22.7 – Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes, 22.8 – Mesozoic Era: Age of Dinosaurs, & 22.9 –

Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals

Focus/Concepts: 22.7, 22.8, & 22.9

Earth Science LO: 2.1 – Earth’s rocks and other materials provide a record of its history, 6.2 –

Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process,

& 6.4 – More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth’s history.

11) Age of Amphibians

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 22.7 – Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes, 22.8 – Mesozoic Era: Age of Dinosaurs, & 22.9 –

Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals

Focus/Concepts: 22.7, 22.8, & 22.9

Earth Science LO: 2.1 – Earth’s rocks and other materials provide a record of its history, 6.2 –

Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process,

& 6.4 – More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth’s history.