Physics Chapter 11 Yes Another Earthquake This Magnitude Could Occur

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5) New Madrid

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.6 – Earthquake Belts and Plate Boundaries

Focus/Concepts: 11.6

Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

6) Anchorage

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.6 – Earthquake Belts and Plate Boundaries

Focus/Concepts: 11.6

Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

Match the choices below to the correct description.

A) R-waves

B) S-waves

C) P-waves

D) L-waves

7) This body wave is a compressional wave.

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.3 – Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 11.3

Earth Science LO: 1.4 – Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand

the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth’s interior.

8) This body wave is a shear wave.

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.3 – Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 11.3

Earth Science LO: 1.4 – Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand

the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth’s interior.

9) This surface wave moves from side to side.

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.3 – Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 11.3

Earth Science LO: 1.4 – Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand

the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth’s interior.

10) This surface wave moves up and down.

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.3 – Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 11.3

Earth Science LO: 1.4 – Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand

the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth’s interior.

Match the seismic hazard with the correct definition.

A) Rhythmic sloshing of water in lakes and enclosed basins

B) Seismic energy transforms stable soil into mobile material incapable of supporting buildings

C) Large ocean waves generated

D) Mass movement of material downslope, shaken loose by seismic events

E) Collapse and lowering of the land surface

11) Liquefaction

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.5 – Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 11.5

Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

12) Landslide

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.5 – Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 11.5

Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

13) Seiche

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.5 – Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 11.5

Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

14) Tsunami

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.5 – Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 11.5

Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

15) Subsidence

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.5 – Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 11.5

Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

Below is a list of cities that were all struck by earthquakes. However, in the case of these

disasters, hazards associated with earthquakes accounted for more deaths than the earthquake

itself. Match the event with the hazard it is most associated with.

A) Subsidence

B) Liquefaction

C) Tsunami

D) Fire

16) Tokyo, Japan (1923)

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.5 – Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 11.5

Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

17) Port Royale, Jamaica (1692)

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.5 – Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 11.5

Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

18) Mexico City, Mexico (1985)

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.5 – Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 11.5

Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

19) Hilo, Hawaii (1946)

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.5 – Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 11.5

Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

Match the earthquake with the type of fault or plate boundary that generated it. (Note: Some

choices may be used more than once.)

A) Convergent Boundary

B) Intraplate Fault

C) Transform Boundary

20) Japan (2011)

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.6 – Earthquake Belts and Plate Boundaries

Focus/Concepts: 11.6

Earth Science LO: 4.5 – Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

21) Loma Prieta, CA (1989)

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.6 – Earthquake Belts and Plate Boundaries

Focus/Concepts: 11.6

Earth Science LO: 4.5 – Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

22) Mineral, Virginia (2011)

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.6 – Earthquake Belts and Plate Boundaries

Focus/Concepts: 11.6

Earth Science LO: 4.5 – Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

23) Turkey (1999)

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.6 – Earthquake Belts and Plate Boundaries

Focus/Concepts: 11.6

Earth Science LO: 4.5 – Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

24) Lisbon, Portugal (1755)

Diff: 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Global Sci Out: 7

Section: 11.6 – Earthquake Belts and Plate Boundaries

Focus/Concepts: 11.6

Earth Science LO: 4.5 – Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

11.5 Essay Questions

1) Explain the mechanics behind elastic rebound.

2) Evaluate the following statement: “Faults that do not experience fault creep may be

considered safe.”

3) Explain how a seismograph works.

4) Compare and contrast an earthquake’s magnitude and intensity.

5) Explain why using intensity alone as a measurement of seismic power can pose problems for

truly understanding the energy released by the earthquake.

6) The New Madrid earthquakes of the early 19th century were some of the largest in American

history. At their greatest, they caused buildings and bluffs to collapse, caused land subsidence,

and displaced parts of the Mississippi River. Could another earthquake of this magnitude happen

near New Madrid again? Explain how the earthquake devastation today would compare to that of

the early 19th century.

7) On January 12, 2010, the country of Haiti was rocked by a violent M 7.0 earthquake. This

quake had caused widespread devastation and resulted in the death of over 300,000 people. A

month later, a M 8.8 earthquake rocked central Chile, where over 80% of the country’s

population was concentrated. However, only 525 people were reported as dead for this disaster.

Why would Chile’s earthquake, with a higher magnitude, have a lower death toll than Haiti?

8) The year 2010 was a big one for major earthquakes: Haiti (M 7.0), Chile (M 8.8), Turkey (M

6.1), and New Zealand (M 7.1). With so many major earthquakes in a short time, many people

began to wonder about the status of the planet. One major author (name withheld for privacy)

even got on TV and stated that these earthquakes were related and were triggering each other. Is

this author correct? Why or why not?

9) There is an urban legend that states that all it would take is one good, strong earthquake and

California will fall off into the sea. Is this true? Explain why this may or may not be the case.

10) How might climate change predictions of sea level in the next century affect the severity of

future tsunamis?

11) Assume a major earthquake struck your region today. Outside of fire, which seismic

hazard(s) would your region be likely to expect? Why?

11.6 Visual

What feature is marked with the circle in this image?

Note the three arrows on this image, marked A-C, that illustrate three seismic waves on the chart

above. Indicate the name of the seismic wave marked by each letter. (Note: Surface waves are

not differentiated on this diagram and can be described simply with “surface waves.”)

Using the arrival times in this image, determine the S-minus-P interval for this earthquake.

Assuming your S-P interval was 0.5 minutes, what is the distance (in km) to the epicenter of the

earthquake?”

Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable circumstances.

Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings.

III

Felt quite noticeably indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings, but many

people do not recognize it as an earthquake.

During the day felt indoors by many, outdoors by few. Sensation like heavy truck

striking building.

Felt by nearly everyone, many awakened. Disturbances of trees, poles, and other tall

objects sometimes noticed.

Felt by all; many frightened and run outdoors. Some heavy furniture moved; few

instances of fallen plaster or damaged chimneys. Damage slight.

VII

Everybody runs outdoors. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and

construction; slight-to-moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable in

poorly built or badly designed structures.

VIII

Damage slight in specially designed structures; considerable in ordinary substantial

buildings with partial collapse; great in poorly built structures. (Fall of chimneys,

factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls.)

Damage considerable in specially designed structures. Buildings shifted off

foundations. Ground cracked conspicuously.

Some well-built wooden structures destroyed. Most masonry and frame structures

destroyed. Ground badly cracked.

XII

Few, if any, (masonry) structures remain standing. Bridges destroyed. Broad fissures

in ground.

XIII

Damage total. Waves seen on ground surfaces. Objects thrown upward into air.

This table is an abridged copy of the Mercalli Intensity Scale. Use the following eyewitness

account to determine the damage inflicted by this seismic event:

“I was driving home when the earthquake hit. It’s a good thing I wasn’t far from home, because I

had to pull over to the side of the road. The entrance to my neighborhood was blocked because

of fallen trees and telephone polls. Although the school survived with a few cracks in the walls,

most of the houses in the neighborhood had significant damage. The bricks from my chimney

were all over the driveway. I had to crawl in through a window because I couldn’t get the door

open. Once I was in, I saw that it was blocked by one of my bookcases that had fallen over.”

How much energy was released in the Mexico City Earthquake in 1980?

Which of the following events had more energy: the Northern New York Earthquake of 1994,

the Charleston Earthquake of 1886, or the New Madrid Earthquake of 1812