An outcome of universal gravitation is that
A) planets aren’t cubes with sharp corners.
B) its discovery prompted other laws of nature.
C) it provided prediction and discovery of planets.
D) all of the above
Answer:
Explain how radioactive decay has always warmed the earth from the inside, and
nuclear fusion has always warmed the earth from the outside.
A) Much heat was released as matter coalesced to form the earth. This heat resulted in
the production of radioactive isotopes, which still reside within the earth today and are a
source of internal heat. Our primary external source of heat is from the fusion of
hydrogen within the sun.
B) The inner Earth is made of fissioning heavy elements while the sun is made of
lighter fusing elements.
C) Radioactive elements have been within Earth since it was created while the sun is
made of fusing hydrogen atoms.
D) All of the above are reasonable answers.
Answer:
The Earth’s lithosphere
A) is the same as the crust.
B) consists of the crust and the asthenosphere.
C) is the same as the mantle.
D) consists of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.
Answer:
How might the spectrum of an atom appear if its electrons were not restricted to
particular energy levels?
A) It would appear nearly the same as it does with the energy level restrictions.
B) There would be no frequencies within the visible portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
C) A broad spectrum of all colors would be observed.
D) The frequency of the spectral lines would change with temperature.
Answer:
The atmosphere becomes opaque to infrared radiation when it
A) increases in temperature.
B) contains excess water vapor and carbon dioxide.
C) radiates high-frequency radiation.
D) none of the above
Answer:
The most important highlight of Precambrian Time was the
A) explosion of life.
B) asteroid impact that resulted in the formation of our Moon.
C) accumulation of free oxygen in the atmosphere.
D) emergence of reptiles.
Answer:
The typical mountain valley that has been subjected to glaciation is shaped like
A) a semi-circle.
B) the letter “U.”
C) one half of a square.
D) the letter “V.”
Answer:
In walking barefoot on red-hot coals, providing that bits of coal do not stick to your
feet, it would be safer if your feet are
A) wet.
B) dry.
C) either of these
D) none of the above
Answer:
The mass number of an element is
A) the sum of the protons and the neutrons.
B) the sum of the electrons and the protons.
C) the sum of the electrons and the neutrons.
D) the sum of the isotopes.
E) the number of protons.
Answer:
Rocks break down to form sediment via
A) erosion.
B) transportation.
C) sedimentation.
D) weathering.
Answer:
Use the bond energies below to determine whether the following reaction is exothermic
or endothermic:
+ → 2 HCl
H-H (bond energy: 436 kJ/mol)
Cl-Cl (bond energy: 243 kJ/mol)
H-Cl (bond energy: 431 kJ/mol)
A) Exothermic with more than 50 kJ of energy released.
B) Endothermic with more than 50 kJ of energy absorbed.
C) Exothermic with less than 50 kJ of energy released.
D) Endothermic with less than 50 kJ of energy absorbed.
Answer:
Where did the atoms that make up a newborn baby originate?
A) in the womb of the baby’s mother
B) in the digestion of the food that the mother ate
C) in the earth through geological processes
D) in the explosions of ancient stars
Answer:
Because of absorption, a Polaroid will actually transmit about 40% of incident
nonpolarized light. Two Polaroids with their axes aligned will transmit
A) 0%.
B) 40%.
C) 100%.
D) between 0% and 40%.
E) between 40% and 100%.
Answer:
Which of the following would not be considered a chemical property?
A) the temperature at which a liquid will boil
B) light sensitivity
C) whether a metal will rust or not
D) whether a material will dissolve in acid or not
E) the tendency of a material to explode
Answer:
Where did the atoms that make up a newborn baby originate?
A) In the womb of the baby’s mother.
B) In the digestion of the food that the mother.
C) In the Earth through geological processes.
D) In the explosions of ancient stars.
Answer:
A proton and an electron placed in an electric field experience the same force. Which
undergoes the greater acceleration?
A) electron
B) proton
C) both equally
D) none of the above
Answer:
What is a chemical equation?
A) It is a shorthand notation for illustrating a chemical reaction.
B) It is the sum of the masses of the products and reactants.
C) It is the chemical combination of equal numbers of reactants and products.
D) It is a picture of the atoms undergoing a chemical equalization.
E) It is any type of reaction that takes place at the equator.
Answer:
Classify the following changes as physical or chemical. Wood burns to ashes; water
begins to boil; grass grows; a rock is crushed to powder.
A) chemical; physical; chemical; chemical
B) chemical; physical; physical; physical
C) physical; physical; chemical; physical
D) chemical; physical; chemical; physical
Answer:
Which of the following molecules is most likely to show a dipole-dipole interaction?
A) H2S
B) CO2
C) CH4
D) H-C C-H
E) none of the above
Answer:
Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of
A) 0 K.
B) -273 C.
C) both of these
D) none of the above
Answer:
What coefficients balance the following equation?
________ (s) + ________ (g) → ________ P (g)
A) 4, 2, 3
B) 1, 6, 4
C) 1, 4, 4
D) 2, 10, 8
Answer:
An electrical device that is “grounded” has
A) no potential difference between it and the ground.
B) an infinite potential difference between it and the ground.
C) a firm connection to the ground.
D) low voltage.
Answer:
You could swallow a capsule of germanium, Ge (atomic number 32), without
significant ill effects. If a proton were added to each germanium nucleus, however, you
would not want to swallow the capsule because the germanium would
A) become arsenic.
B) become radioactive.
C) expand and likely lodge in your throat.
D) have a change in flavor.
Answer:
We do not see stars in the daytime because
A) the Sun blocks their view.
B) they simply don’t exist in the daytime part of the sky.
C) skylight overwhelms starlight.
D) of the lack of contrast with moonlight.
E) the solar wind obscures their view.
Answer:
Galena belongs to the class of minerals known as the
A) sulfides.
B) sulfates.
C) silicates.
D) carbonates.
Answer:
As cumulus clouds grow they shade the ground from the Sun. This acts to
A) slow down the heating of the ground surface.
B) dissipate cumulus cloud formation.
C) slow down convectional lifting.
D) slowly cool the ground surface, slowing convectional lifting, and dissipating cloud
formation.
Answer:
What is the name of the following compound?
CO2
A) carbon dioxide
B) dicobalt
C) dioxocarbon
D) calcium oxide
E) calcium dioxide
Answer:
In the field induction credited to Maxwell, wires
A) can be insulated or non-insulated.
B) are minimized.
C) are not needed.
Answer:
Which of the following statements regarding a nucleon is true in regards to nuclear
reactions?
A) A nucleon inside a nucleus has a lower mass than a nucleon outside of the nucleus.
B) The number of nucleons changes in a nuclear reaction, therefore the mass changes.
C) A nucleon has a higher energy inside a nucleus, and releases it when it undergoes
nuclear reactions.
D) A nucleon’s mass is constant.
E) A nucleon is more stable outside the nucleus.
Answer:
Non-reflected ultraviolet light that shines on a pane of transparent glass
A) produces a chain of absorptions and re-emissions through the glass.
B) transforms to thermal energy.
C) is mostly reflected.
Answer: