FIGURE 12-7
The process shown on the T-V graph in Fig. 12-7 is an
A) adiabatic compression.
B) isothermal compression.
C) isobaric compression.
D) isometric compression.
A 200-g mass attached to the end of a spring causes it to stretch 5.0 cm. If another
200-g mass is added to the spring, the potential energy of the spring will be
A) twice as much.
B) times as much.
C) the same.
D) 4 times as much.
E) 3 times as much.
The index of refraction for a certain material is 1.399 for red light and 1.432 for blue
light. Find the angle separating the two refracted colors if the:
(a) angle of incidence is 30.
(b) angle of incidence is 60.
A plane is headed eastward at a speed of 156 m/s. A 20.0 m/s wind is blowing
southward at the same time as the plane is flying. The velocity of the plane relative to
the ground is
A) 157 m/s at an angle 7.31 south of east.
B) 157 m/s at an angle 7.31 east of south.
C) 155 m/s at an angle 7.36 south of east.
D) 155 m/s at an angle 7.36 east of south.
E) 157 m/s at an angle 7.36 south of east.
The amount of energy equivalent to one kilogram of mass at rest is
A) 9.0 x 1016 J.
B) 3.0 x 108 J.
C) 4.5 x 1016 J.
D) 6.0 x 10-3 eV.
E) 1.2 x 108 eV.
A student pulls a box of books on a smooth horizontal floor with a force of 100 N in a
direction of 37.0 above the horizontal. The mass of the box and the books is 40.0 kg.
(a) Draw the free-body diagram for the box.
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the box.
(c) Calculate the normal force acting on the box.
Refer to Fig. 4-13. The wheels of the engine are pushing back with what force?
A) 27.5 kN
B) 5.50 kN
C) 16.5 kN
D) 11.0 kN
E) 550. N
Spherical mirrors suffer from
A) both spherical and chromatic aberration.
B) neither spherical nor chromatic aberration.
C) chromatic aberration, but not spherical aberration.
D) spherical aberration, but not chromatic aberration.
The angle of incidence
A) is always greater than the angle of refraction.
B) must equal the angle of refraction.
C) is always less than the angle of refraction.
D) may be greater than, less than, or equal to the angle of refraction.
(Refer to Fig. 2-4.) At t = 1 s
A) C is moving, and D is at rest.
B) D is moving, and C is at rest.
C) C and D are both moving.
D) C and D are both at rest.
E) C is ahead of D
How many water molecules are there in 36. g of water? Express your answer as a
multiple of Avogadro’s number NA. (The molecular structure of a water molecule is
H2O.)
A) 18. NA
B) 2.0 NA
C) 36. NA
D) 3.0 NA
E) 0.020 NA
Which of the following can never be negative?
A) acceleration of gravity
B) displacement
C) instantaneous speed
D) average velocity
E) instantaneous velocity
In common transparent media, as the frequency of light increases, the index of
refraction
A) increases.
B) stays constant.
C) decreases.
D) varies as the sine of the incident angle.
FIGURE 8-9
A 4.0 kg mass is hung from a string which is wrapped around a cylindrical pulley (a
cylindrical shell), as shown in Fig. 8-9. If the mass accelerates downward at 4.90 m/s2,
what is the mass of the pulley?
A) 10.0 kg
B) 4.0 kg
C) 8.0 kg
D) 2.0 kg
E) 6.0 kg
Light in a transparent material (index of refraction 1.333) strikes the boundary with
another transparent material (n = 1.010).
(a) What is the critical angle for total internal reflection?
(b) By what percent does the wavelength change going from the 1st to the 2nd material?
When a liquid evaporates
A) the temperature of the substance increases.
B) the temperature of the substance decreases.
C) heat energy leaves the substance.
D) heat energy enters the substance.
An electron is accelerated through 100 kV. By what factor has its mass increased with
respect to its rest mass?
A) 4.25
B) 1.20
C) 8.00
D) 1.55
E)
The objective lens of a refracting telescope has a focal length of 60 cm and the eyepiece
a focal length of 8.0 cm. What is the angular magnification of the telescope?
A) 34
B) 480
C) 68
D) 0
E) 7.5
When a ray of light passes obliquely from one medium to another, which of the
following changes?
A) direction of travel
B) speed, direction of travel, but not wavelength
C) wavelength
D) wavelength, speed, & direction of travel
E) speed
A 0.140-kg baseball is dropped and reaches a speed of 1.20 m/s just before it hits the
ground. It rebounds with a speed of 1.00 m/s. What is the change of the ball’s
momentum?
A) 0.0280 kg∙m/s upwards
B) 0.0280 kg∙m/s downwards
C) 0.308 kg∙m/s upwards
D) 0.308 kg∙m/s downwards
E) 0 kg∙m/s
The gravitational red shift is caused by
A) gravitational lensing.
B) rotating black holes.
C) time dilation.
D) Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere.
A toy rocket, weighing 10. N, blasts off from ground level. At the exact top of its
trajectory, its energy is 140. J. To what vertical height does it rise?
A) 1.4 m
B) 14. m
C) 12. m
D) 0.12 km
E) 1.4 km
The resistivity of the material of a wire is 1.76 x 10-8 Ωm. If the diameter of the wire is
2 x 10-3 m and its length is 2 m, what is its resistance?
A) 112 Ω
B) 11.2 Ω
C) 1.12 Ω
D) 0.112 Ω
E) 0.0112 Ω
If the pressure acting on an ideal gas at constant temperature is tripled, its volume is
A) reduced to one-third.
B) increased by a factor of two.
C) increased by a factor of three.
D) reduced to one-half.
COHESIVE FORCES are
A) repulsive forces between unlike molecules.
B) repulsive forces between like molecules.
C) attractive forces between unlike molecules.
D) attractive forces between like molecules.
FIGURE 22-3
A ray of light (inc) enters a 45 – 90 glass prism from air (bottom left), as shown in Fig.
22-3. In what direction does the light re-emerge back into the air?
A) D
B) B
C) A
D) C
E) E
Which of the following has units of momentum?
A) N-m
B) kg-s/m
C) kg-m2/s
D) J-s/m
E) kg- /
If a length of lucite that is being used as a light pipe gets wet, the critical angle
A) decreases.
B) is unaffected.
C) doubles.
D) is meaningless since lucite cannot be used as a light pipe.
E) increases.
A mass which weighs 19.6 Newtons on Earth is 2.3 meters away from a 2.00 kg mass.
(a) Determine their mutual gravitational attraction to each other.
(b) How much work would have to be done to put a very large distance between the two
masses?
FIGURE 4-4
Two cardboard boxes full of books are in contact with each other on a table, as shown
in Fig. 4-4. Box H has twice the mass of box G. If you push on box G with a horizontal
force F, then box H will experience a net force of
A) 2/3 F.
B) 2 F.
C) F.
D) 3/2 F.
E) 3 F.
A soccer ball is kicked with a velocity of 25 m/s at an angle of 45 above the horizontal.
What is the vertical component of its acceleration as it travels along its trajectory?
(Neglect air friction.)
A) g sin(45) upward
B) g downward
C) zero
D) g cos(45) downward
E) g upward
Which has the greater half-life?
A) Oxygen-19
B) Cobalt-60
C) Uranium-238
D) Strontium-90
E) Hydrogen-3
Sound vibrations with frequencies less than 20 Hz are called
A) infrasonics.
B) ultrasonics.
C) supersonics.
D) megasonics.
E) infrared.
What length of copper wire (resistivity 1.68 x 10-8 Ω∙m) of diameter 0.15 mm is needed
for a total resistance of 15 Ω?
A) 16 mm
B) 16 cm
C) 1.6 m
D) 16 m
E) 160 m
FIGURE 18-11
For the circuit shown in Fig. 18-11, R1 = 5.6 Ω, R2 = 5.6 Ω, R3 = 14. Ω, ε = 6.0 volts.
Find:
(a) the total resistance connected to the battery.
(b) the current in each resistor.
What advantage might an electron microscope have over a light microscope?
Denis swims the length of a 40. meter pool in 10. seconds and immediately swims back
to the starting position in another 15. seconds. What was his average speed?
Does Simple Harmonic Motion occur when the force, acting on a mass, is positively
proportional to the displacement (F = kx)? Explain.
A student adds two displacement vectors that have the magnitudes of 12.0 m and 5.0 m.
What is the range of possible answers for the magnitude of the resultant vector?
A race car circles 10 times around an 8-km track in 20 min. What is its average velocity
per lap?
What are the two basic conditions necessary for laser action?
Explain the relationship between velocity and acceleration.
Compare the prediction of the Bohr theory with the Schrdinger theory of the hydrogen
atom concerning the angular momentum of the ground state (similarity or difference).
An iron barge 25. m long and 4.0 m wide has a mass of 100,000.kg. What minimum
depth of water is needed to float it?
A bulldozer drags a log weighing 500. N along a rough surface. The cable attached to
the log makes an angle of 30. with the ground. The coefficient of static friction between
the log and the ground is 0.50. What minimum tension is required in the cable in order
for the log to begin to move?
An inventor tries to sell you his new engine which takes in 40. Joules of heat at 87°C on
each cycle, expels 30. Joules at 27°C, and does 10. Joules of work. Why are you not
fooled, and can have him prosecuted as a fraud?
The corresponding violin strings on two violins in an orchestra are found to produce a
beat frequency of 2. Hz when a frequency of 660. Hz is played. What percentage
change in the tension of one of the strings would bring them to the same frequency?
In grinding a steel knife blade (specific heat = 0.11 cal/g-C), the metal can get as hot as
400.C. If the blade has a mass of 80. g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at
20C if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in
it?
Gasoline yields 4.8 x 107 joules per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is
approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your
car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?
Consider a student whose mass is 70. kg (he weighs 154. lb). If all his mass were
converted to energy, this energy could light a 100. watt lamp for how long?
A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses 4.8 x 106 kg of
coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is 3.3 x 107 J/kg. The steam that drives
the turbines is at a temperature of 300°C, and the exhaust water is at 37°C. How much
thermal energy is wasted each day?
Express 0.0015671 kg to three significant figures.
We usually think of friction “opposing motion”. Explain how friction assists the motion
of a car.
A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom of a water storage tank that holds water at
a depth of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out of the hole?