PHYS 56363 | Course Paper

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Which of the following substances is not a volatile found in magma?

A) O2

B) CO2

C) H2O

D) SO2

Which of the following textural terms describes the texture of nonclastic chemical

sedimentary rocks?

A) Sand-sized

B) Crystalline

C) Gravel-sized

D) Angular

In the previous question, you had to indicate where deposition and erosion were taking

place in this image. Why would deposition or erosion occur at the areas you indicated?

A) Erosion occurs where there is low water velocity and deposition occurs where there

is high water velocity.

B) Erosion results from circular orbital motion whereas deposition occurs from the

waves feeling bottom.

C) Erosion occurs where the water is shallow and deposition occurs where the water is

deep.

D) Erosion occurs where there is high water velocity and deposition occurs where there

is low water velocity.

________ are groups of the same kinds of atoms that cannot be broken down into other

substances by ordinary chemical means.

A) Molecules

B) Electrons

C) Elements

D) Minerals

What is foliation?

A) Intergrown mineral crystals formed from cooling magma

B) Randomly oriented mineral crystals placed due to confining pressure

C) Thin, parallel layers of clay sediments that have been compressed

D) Roughly parallel layers of mineral crystals aligned perpendicular to the direction of

pressure

A(n) ________ is a common boundary where different parts of a system interact.

A) sphere

B) interface

C) delineation

D) geosphere

What kind of geologic structure is present?

A) Syncline

B) Basin

C) Anticline

D) Dome

Which process will remove CO2 from the atmosphere and sequester it?

A) Volcanic activity

B) Deposition of carbonate sediments

C) Decay of biomass

D) Respiration of land organisms

Which of the following is a good method to reduce soil erosion as a result of strong

winds?

A) Planting grass in natural drainageways

B) Creating terraces on steep slopes

C) Planting rows of trees and shrubs

D) Plant rows for crops that are oriented straight up the slope

Which process, common near black smokers, will use hot water circulating through the

crust to alter olivine and pyroxene into chlorite and serpentine?

A) Hydrothermal metamorphism

B) Decompression melting

C) Partial melting

D) Thermal contraction

________ is the study of the formation and evolution of the bodies in our solar system.

A) Astrology

B) Astronomy

C) Cosmology

D) Planetary Geology

Match the sphere of the Earth with the correct definition.

1. Hydrosphere

2. Biosphere

3. Atmosphere

4. Geosphere

A) Gaseous envelope around the planet

B) The solid Earth

C) Water portion of the planet

D) All life on the planet

Which location marks the cutbank on this image?

A) Location A

B) Location B

C) Location C

D) Location D

If the Earth had no atmosphere, what would the average temperature of the planet be?

A) Above boiling

B) 25C

C) 10C

D) Below freezing

Which of the following statements best describes the tectonic setting for Mount St.

Helens and the other Cascade volcanoes?

A) A chain of young, active volcanoes built on a continental margin above a sinking

slab of oceanic lithosphere

B) A chain of old, inactive volcanoes built while western North America moved over a

mantle plume

C) Old, deeply eroded volcanoes built before the Pacific Ocean existed

D) Young, deeply eroded, basaltic volcanoes built when western North America was

over the present-day site of the Hawaiian hot spot

What is the name of the supercontinent proposed by Alfred Wegener?

A) Pangaea

B) Rodinia

C) Amasia

D) Nuna

________ are small solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere.

A) Sunspots

B) Radiosondes

C) CFCs

D) Aerosols

________ is defined as a mineral’s resistance to scratching.

A) Hardness

B) Cleavage

C) Fracture

D) Streak

Which mountain range consists of the youngest collisional mountains on Earth?

A) Himalayas

B) Andes

C) Grand Tetons

D) Appalachians

Which one of the following is not one of the three compositionally distinct layers of the

Earth’s interior?

A) Crust

B) Mantle

C) Lower mantle

D) Core

Using this image, label the atoms with the appropriate elements to make the silica

tetrahedron.

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. E

A) Oxygen

B) Silicon

What is the average thickness of the oceanic crust?

A) 4 km

B) 7 km

C) 40 km

D) 70 km

What is the relationship between the four spheres of Earth?

A) The four spheres operate independently from each other.

B) The geosphere and the hydrosphere overlap, but the atmosphere and biosphere

operate independently.

C) The four spheres overlap and interact with each other.

D) The biosphere and hydrosphere interact with each other, whereas the geosphere and

atmosphere are part of a separate system.

Streams in arid regions are generally small and die out before reaching the sea. Explain

two ways that streams lose water in this environment and why this loss occurs.

The ring of fire is a narrow zone of composite cone volcanoes rimming the ________

Ocean.

A) Pacific

B) Atlantic

C) Indian

D) Arctic

Match the rock with the correct igneous composition. (Some choices

will be used more than once.)

1. Rhyolite

2.Pumice

3.Gabbro

4. Diorite

5. Andesite

6. Obsidian

A) Felsic

B) Intermediate

C) Mafic

How will tensional force change a rock body?

A) Stretch and thin the rock.

B) Fracture the rock and grind the pieces alongside each other.

C) Shorten and thicken the rock.

D) The rock will not change.

________ is a measurement of displacement on the fault surface.

A) Fault propagation

B) Fault creep

C) Divergence

D) Fault slip

Which igneous texture has visible crystals that are a few millimeters across?

A) Phaneritic

B) Aphanitic

C) Pegmatitic

D) Porphyritic

Match the metamorphic rock to the metamorphic grade. (Note: Some answers may be

used more than once.)

A) High-grade metamorphism

B) Low-grade metamorphism

C) Medium-grade metamorphism

1. Slate

2. Gneiss

3. Schist

4. Phyllite