The variables m1and m2 that appear in the equation F = Gm1m2/r2 are
A) the straight-line distance between the centers of each object.
B) the rate at which each object is moving.
C) the mass of each object.
D) the diameter of each object.
The farthest point of the Sun from the equator is known as the
A) declination.
B) solstice.
C) latitude.
D) equinox.
Six trillion miles is equivalent in distance to one ______________.
A) light-year
B) astronomical unit
C) parsec
D) billion meters
The name given to the point of a planet’s orbit that is farthest from the Sun is
A) aphelion.
B) focus.
C) perihelion.
D) solstice.
As the speed of an object increases, its wavelength
A) remains unchanged.
B) decreases.
C) increases.
D) is zero.
Which planet moves the fastest?
A) Earth
B) Mars
C) Venus
D) Mercury
The source of magnetism is
A) polarization.
B) magnetic monopoles.
C) electrons.
D) protons.
Consider the following pairs of points:
F: 0N, 40W G: 10N, 60W
0N, 20W 10N, 40W
H: 20S, 130E J: 30S, 170E
20S, 150E 30S, 150E
Which pair is closest together?
A) J
B) F
C) G
D) H
E) All are the same distance apart.
Most earthquakes are caused by
A) explosive volcanic eruptions.
B) body waves.
C) movement of lithospheric plates.
D) tsunamis.
In general, elements that have four to eight electrons in their valence shell are
A) semimetals.
B) metalloids.
C) nonmetals.
D) metals.
Which of these colors of light has photons of greatest energy?
A) Green
B) Red
C) Blue
D) Yellow
A rainbow results from
A) both reflection and refraction.
B) refraction only.
C) neither reflection nor refraction.
D) reflection only.
The Lewis symbol X- would be characteristic of which group?
A) 2A
B) 4A
C) 6A
D) 1A
Which of the following is the de Broglie equation?
A) E= mc2
B) E= hf
C) mvxh
D)
= h/mv
The average mass of the atoms of an element in naturally occurring samples is called
the ______________ mass of the element.
A) atomic
B) average
C) relative
D) molecular
The Jurassic period is part of the ______________ era.
The shortest-daylight day for people in the Southern Hemisphere at latitudes greater
than 30S occurs at the
A) summer solstice.
B) vernal equinox.
C) winter solstice.
D) autumnal equinox.
When the absolute magnitudes, or brightnesses, of stars are plotted against their surface
temperatures or colors, we obtain a(n)
A) Hertzsprung-Russell (or H-R) diagram.
B) straight line.
C) random pattern.
D) none of the above
Which of the following is not a derived quantity?
A) Volume
B) Speed
C) Mass
D) Density
Any flow of water occurring between well-defined banks is defined by geologists as
A) a stream.
B) a meander.
C) a lake.
D) none of these.
Doubling the wavelength of a photon would ______________ its energy.
A) halve
B) double
C) quadruple
D) not change
Atmospheric sulfur pollution gives rise to
A) acid snow only.
B) acid fog only.
C) acid rain only.
D) all of these.
Which sugar is the sweetest of all sugars?
A) Sucrose
B) Lactose
C) Glucose
D) Fructose
How many neutrons are there in an atom of ?
A) 92
B) 143
C) 235
D) None of these
At 1800 degrees Fahrenheit, this part of atmosphere is heated almost directly by the
Sun’s rays.
A) Stratosphere
B) Troposphere
C) Mesosphere
D) Thermosphere
For a transverse mechanical wave, the particle motion is
A) both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the wave velocity.
B) parallel to the direction of the wave velocity.
C) perpendicular to the direction of the wave velocity.
D) in all directions.
No radionuclides decay by emitting
A) protons.
B) alpha particles.
C) electrons.
D) gamma rays.
Which planet has a large moon with retrograde motion?
A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Uranus
D) Neptune
A concave mirror will produce
A) only inverted images.
B) real or virtual images.
C) only virtual images.
D) only real images.
Mass and weight on Earth’s surface
A) are the same thing.
B) are defined solely by inertia.
C) are explained by Newton’s third law.
D) differ in magnitude by a constant.
E) are explained by Kepler’s second law.
If the temperature of a quantity of ideal gas increases, then
A) the number of molecules must increase.
B) the pressure must increase.
C) the volume must increase.
D) the product of the pressure and volume must increase.
Hurricanes derive their energy from
A) gravity.
B) specific heat.
C) the Coriolis force.
D) latent heat.
A rifle bullet shot horizontally at a velocity of 9.8 m/s has a horizontal acceleration of
______________.
The amount of heat necessary to change a liquid to a solid at constant temperature is the
______________.
If the energy of n= 4 is “0.85 eV and that of n= 2 is “3.40 eV in a hydrogen atom, a
transition from n= 4 to n= 2 will release a photon of what energy?
Petrified wood is a common type of ______________ fossil.
A fusion reaction occurring in the interior of some stars is shown below. Calculate the
mass lost, in atomic mass units, and the energy produced, in millions of electron volts.
(Recall that 931 MeV is the energy obtained from the conversion of 1 u of mass.)
4.00260 u 12.0000 u 15.9949 u
A student stands on a chair. The forces acting on her or him are supplied by gravity
acting downward and by the ______________ acting upward.
Doubling the wavelength of a photon would ______________ its energy.
The ______________ effect provides evidence of motions within other planetary
systems.
On Earth, the magnitude of the acceleration of a vertical projectile at its maximum
height is equal to ______________.
The two general types of earthquake waves are ______________ waves and body
waves.
An object’s mass would be the same on Earth and on the Moon, but its
______________ would be different.
A solid solution of two or more metals is called a(n) ______________.
A two-dimensional coordinate system is called a(n) ______________ coordinate
system.
Alkanes minus one hydrogen atom are called ______________ groups.
Earth’s albedo is ______________.
The study of minerals is called ______________.
How much heat is necessary to change 20 g of ice at “10°C into water at 20°C?
Dispersing light from a hot, low-pressure gas gives a spectrum of the type known as
(two words) ______________ ______________.
Hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine are among the elements that occur as molecules made
up of ______________ atoms.
A(n) ______________ image cannot be focused on a screen.