Objects that radiate relatively well
A) absorb radiation relatively well.
B) reflect radiation relatively well.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Distant bright snowy mountains appear yellowish because
A) they are far away.
B) blue has been scattered away from light reflected from the mountains.
C) the color yellow looks just right.
D) of nature’s wonderful preferences.
If the radiation curve for an incandescent lamp filament peaks in the green region, the
object would appear
A) red.
B) yellow.
C) green.
D) blue.
E) white.
On a planet where atmospheric gases are yellow, distant snow covered hills would look
A) bluish.
B) greenish.
C) yellowish.
D) reddish.
E) untinted.
What was discovered in atomic spectra by physics pioneers Balmer, Rydberg, and Ritz?
A) unexplained randomness
B) mathematical order
C) all atoms are about the same size
D) electrons occupy well-defined shells about the atomic nucleus
E) electrons behave as standing waves
When weight is applied to the top of a stone arch, the stone blocks in the arch undergo
A) tension.
B) compression.
C) expansion.
D) none of the above
Two identical arrows, one with twice the speed of the other, are fired into a bale of hay.
Compared with penetration of the slow arrow, the faster arrow penetrates
A) the same distance.
B) two times as far.
C) four times as far.
D) more than four times as far.
E) none of the above
One end of a rope is pulled with 100 N, while the opposite end also is pulled with 100
N. The tension in the rope is
A) 0 N.
B) 50 N.
C) 100 N.
D) 200 N.
A transformer produces
A) energy.
B) power.
C) neither, but transforms mechanical energy to electric energy.
D) none of the above
Phil stands at rest with both feet on a scale that reads 500 N. When he gently lifts one
foot, the scale reads
A) less than 500 N.
B) 500 N.
C) more than 500 N.
Just as “gravity” is the study of a wide range of gravitational interactions, “electricity”
is the study of a wide range of
A) electrical charges.
B) electrical forces.
C) electrical interactions.
D) none of the above
The photoelectric effect supports a
A) wave nature of light.
B) particle nature of light.
C) both of these
D) none of these
The lift experienced by a helicopter involves an action-reaction pair of forces between
the
A) helicopter blades and the air.
B) mass of the helicopter and Earth’s mass.
C) weight of the helicopter and atmospheric pressure.
D) motion of the helicopter relative to the ground below.
E) any or all of the above
If you wish to expand the volume of a sample of water at 4oC
A) raise its temperature a bit.
B) lower its temperature a bit.
C) either of these
D) neither of these
Earth pulls on the Moon, and the Moon pulls on Earth, which tells us that
A) these two pulls comprise an action-reaction pair.
B) both Earth and Moon circle a common point.
C) more massive objects pull harder.
D) all of the above
Consider two mercury barometers, one with twice the cross-sectional area of the other.
Neglecting capillarity, compared with the wider tube, mercury in the smaller tube will
rise
A) to the same height.
B) twice as high.
C) four times as high.
D) more than four times as high.
E) none of the above
Event A occurs before event B in a certain frame of reference. In another frame of
reference, event A could occur
A) after event B.
B) simultaneous with event B.
C) either of these
D) neither of these
You can experience weight
A) standing on Earth’s surface.
B) in an accelerating elevator away from Earth.
C) in a rotating habitat in space.
D) all of the above
The white light emitted by a fluorescent lamp is provided by the
A) mercury vapor in the lamp.
B) phosphors on the inner surface of the lamp.
C) high temperature of the glowing gas.
D) filtering effect of the glass tubing.
During an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas
A) the internal energy of the gas remains constant.
B) the temperature of the gas does not change.
C) no heat enters or leaves the gas.
D) no work is done on the gas.
E) none of the above
When the air of a fully-inflated party balloon quickly escapes, its temperature
A) drops.
B) rises.
C) remains unchanged.
D) none of the above
A motorboat that normally travels at 8 km/h in still water heads directly across a 6-km/h
flowing river. The resulting speed of the boat is about
A) 6 km/h.
B) 8 km/h.
C) 10 km/h.
D) 20 km/h.
Ninety-five percent of light incident on a mirror is reflected. How much light is
reflected when three of these mirrors are arranged so light reflects from one after the
other?
A) 81%
B) 85%
C) 86%
D) 90%
E) 95%
X-rays are similar to
A) alpha rays.
B) beta rays.
C) gamma rays.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
When a train makes a curve, a tapered wheel rim is able to
A) cover different distances per revolution.
B) maintain a fixed rotational speed.
C) reduce differences in angular speeds.
In mountain regions, food cooked in boiling water cooks slower than when cooked at
sea level. If the temperature beneath the pot of boiling water is increased, the food will
cook
A) faster.
B) slower still.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Escape speed from Earth is
A) 8 km/s.
B) 9 km/s.
C) 11.2 km/s.
D) 63 km/s.
When holes are drilled through the wall of a water tower, water will spurt out with the
greatest speed from the hole closest to
A) the bottom of the tower.
B) the middle of the tower.
C) the top of the tower.
D) all the same
Using the Schrdinger equation, scientists can calculate
A) probabilities.
B) the position of an electron.
C) the velocity of an electron.
D) all of the above
A roller-coaster ride with 6 passengers takes 3 minutes. Neglecting friction, a similar
ride with 12 passengers aboard would take
A) 1.5 minutes.
B) 3 minutes.
C) 6 minutes.
D) 18 minutes.
When spearing a fish with a regular spear, to compensate for refraction, throw your
spear
A) directly at the sighted fish.
B) above the sighted fish.
C) below the sighted fish.
According to the correspondence principle, a new theory must
A) overlap and agrees where the old theory works.
B) account for confirmed results from the old theory.
C) predict the same correct results as the old theory.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
An object is accelerating if it moves
1) with constant velocity
2) in a circular path
3) in a straight-line path
because it is undergoing a change in its
4) speed.
5) direction.
6) net force.
Your lab instructor projects a ball horizontally from a lab bench that lands on the floor a
horizontal distance away. Compared with the time the ball would take if simply
dropped vertically from the bench, the time in the air for the projected ball is
1) less.
2) the same.
3) greater.
The horizontal distance from the bottom of the bench the ball travels in hitting the floor
is equal the ball’s initial speed
4) multiplied by its time in the air.
5) coupled with its speed of fall.
6) squared plus its downward speed squared when hitting the floor.
A device that transforms electrical energy to mechanical energy is
1) a generator,
2) a motor,
3) a transformer,
4) any common magnet,
and a device that transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy is a
5) generator.
6) motor.
7) transformer.
A heavy man and a light man parachute together from a high-flying plane. The first to
attain zero acceleration will be the
1) light man
2) heavy man
3) both will attain zero acceleration at the same time.
because
4) the gravitational force on each man is the same.
5) of the lesser gravitational force acting on the lighter man.
6) air resistance will eventually counterbalance the weights of both men.
7) the lighter man will not have to fall for as long a time before air resistance equals his
weight.
When light is gravitationally red or blue shifted, that which is shifted is
1) wave frequency,
2) wavelength,
3) wave energy,
4) all of these,
5) none of these,
and when light is Doppler shifted, that which is shifted is actually
6) wave frequency.
7) wave amplitude.
8) both of these.
9) none of these.
A 400-N person stands on the surface of Earth. If he were somehow able to stand on a
ladder so that he was twice as far from the center of Earth, he would weigh
1) 0 N.
2) 100 N.
3) 200 N.
4) 400 N.
This would be because
5) he would be above the atmosphere.
6) his mass would be the same wherever he was.
7) the force due to gravity obeys the inverse square law.
When a molecule collides with another that is approaching with greater momentum, its
rebound speed
1) stays the same,
2) increases,
3) decreases,
and when a molecule collides with another that is receding, its rebound speed
4) stays the same.
5) increases.
6) decreases.
A garden hose is held at an angle of 50o. Neglecting air resistance, the water will travel
exactly the same horizontal distance before returning to the same level if the hose is
held at an angle of
1) 40o.
2) 45o.
3) 60o.
For maximum range, the hose should be held at
4) 40o.
5) 45o.
6) 55o.
7) 60o.
A lunar month is about 28 days. If the Moon were closer to Earth than it now is, the
lunar month would be
1) less than 28 days,
2) more than 28 days,
3) still 28 days,
mainly because
4) centripetal force would lessen with decreased distance.
5) a closer Moon means an increase in both gravitational force and speed, which in a
smaller orbit means shorter time.
6) orbital speed about the center of mass of Earth-Moon system is not dependent upon
the distance between Earth and Moon.
7) of tidal friction.
A radioactive isotope has a half-life of one month. At the end of one month, the amount
of the original isotope still remaining is
1) none,
2) one-quarter,
3) one-half,
4) three-fourths,
and at the end of two months, the amount of original isotope remaining is
5) none.
6) one-fourth.
7) one-half.
8) three-fourths.
The source of electrons lighting common lamps in your classroom is
1) the power company,
2) the electrical outlet,
3) atoms in the lamp filament,
4) the wires leading to the lamp,
whereas the source of energy that lights a common lamp in your home is
5) the power company.
6) the electrical outlet.
7) atoms in the bulb filament.
8) the wires leading to the lamp.
Figure V-2
A block is pulled across a floor as shown in the vector diagram. The greater component
of F is in the
1) horizontal direction,
2) vertical direction,
although both horizontal and vertical components would be of equal magnitude if
vector F were
3) horizontal.
4) vertical.
5) at an angle of 45o.
An object is dropped from a position of rest. At the end of the first second of free fall it
will have traveled about
1) 0 m
2) 5 m
3) 10 m
and its velocity will be about
4) 0 m/s.
5) 5 m/s.
6) 10 m/s.
Figure N-10
As the ball rolls from A to B its velocity increases and its acceleration
1) increases;
2) decreases;
3) remains constant;
and when it rolls from B to C its acceleration along the path
4) increases.
5) decreases.
6) remains constant.
A woman standing on the surface of Earth has a mass of 70 kg and a weight of 700 N. If
instead she is floating freely inside a non-rotating space habitat far from Earth, her mass
would be
1) less than 70 kg
2) 70 kg
3) more than 70 kg
and her weight would be
4) less than 700 N.
5) 700 N.
6) more than 700 N.
The quantity that tells how warm or cold a body is with respect to some standard body
is called
1) heat.
2) internal energy.
3) temperature.
4) molecular kinetic energy.
The internal energy that is transferred from one body to another because of a
temperature difference is called
5) heat.
6) potential energy.
7) temperature.
8) molecular kinetic energy.
Heat from the Sun gets to Earth by the process of
1) osmosis.
2) radiation.
3) molecular movement.
4) convection.
5) conduction.
When sunlight reaches Earth, it becomes
6) internal energy.
7) solar energy.
8) electromagnetic radiation.
Figure E-1
A marble rolls back and forth along the path shown. When it is at position B, its kinetic
energy is
1) maximum,
2) minimum,
3) midway between maximum and minimum,
its momentum is
4) maximum,
5) minimum,
6) midway between maximum and minimum,
and its potential energy is
7) maximum.
8) minimum.
9) midway between maximum and minimum.