According to Newton’s second law, the force required to accelerate an object is equal to
A) its acceleration divided by its mass.
B) its mass times the acceleration.
C) its mass divided by the velocity.
D) its weight times the velocity.
The radius of Earth is about __________ mi.
A) 6000
B) 8000
C) 4000
D) 2000
For a longitudinal mechanical wave, the particle motion is
A) parallel to the direction of the wave velocity.
B) perpendicular to the direction of the wave velocity.
C) both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the wave velocity.
D) in all directions.
An atom of chlorine has how many valence electrons?
A) 1
B) 7
C) 4
D) 17
Air pollution results from ______________ combustion of impure fuels.
A) incomplete
B) complete
C) overheated
D) none of the above
The imaginary, huge, apparently moving sphere on which the stars appear to be
mounted is called the _______________ sphere.
A) celestial
B) global
C) universal
D) galactic
The equation 1/2 N2+ 3/2 H2NH3is notappropriately written because
A) the number of atoms of each element on each side is not the same.
B) fractional coefficients are not generally used.
C) nitrogen is not diatomic.
D) the product is N2H4, not NH3.
The vertical columns of elements in the periodic table are called
A) periods.
B) groups.
C) families.
D) series.
Which of the following could be the molecular formula for an alkane?
A) C4H4
B) C6H12
C) C3H5
D) C2H2
E) C7H16
Motion necessarily involves
A) a change in velocity.
B) a change in speed.
C) a change in direction.
D) a change in position.
E) all of these
In organic molecules, a bromine atom will normally form how many bonds?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 1
E) 0
The acceleration produced by an unbalanced force acting on an object is
A) inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
B) directly proportional to the magnitude of the force.
C) in the direction of the force.
D) all of these.
Pulverized rock is believed to make up the Moon’s
A) rays.
B) craters.
C) rills.
D) plains (maria).
A temperature of degrees 230 Celsius is equivalent to _____ degrees Fahrenheit.
A) “45.4
B) 446.0
C) 110.0
D) “43.0
The buoyant force of an object is equal to the ______________ of the ______________
it displaces.
A) mass; fluid
B) weight; fluid
C) mass; solid
D) weight; solid
Hurricanes gain strength when over
A) warm water.
B) hot air.
C) cold water.
D) wind.
What type of faulting is expected along transform faults?
A) Reverse
B) Forward
C) Strike-slip
D) Normal
The Julian calendar, which has 365 days and a leap day every 4 years, was no longer
used in Europe after 1582 because
A) it is slightly inaccurate and after 1600 years of use caused large problems.
B) leap years are rough on people born on February 29.
C) people realized that the Roman calendar is better.
D) it had 13 months, which is unlucky.
E) none of the above; we still use it.
At the ends and along the sides of a glacier, the sediment deposits may form ridges
known as
A) deltas.
B) levees.
C) drifts.
D) moraines.
A light wave traveling in air strikes a plane mirror surface at an angle of 20 relative to
the normal. The wave is reflected at an angle of
A) 20 relative to the surface.
B) 20 relative to the normal.
C) 70 relative to the normal.
D) none of these.
Which of the following is an essential agent of the Bergeron process?
A) Wind
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Mixing
D) Rain
The Moon always presents the same face to Earth because
A) the Moon does not rotate on its axis.
B) the Moon rotates on its axis at same rate at which it revolves around Earth.
C) the Moon revolves around the Sun in one month.
D) none of these
Picnickers see a lightning flash of an approaching thunderstorm and hear the thunder
8.0 s later.
a. Approximately how far away, in miles, is the storm?
b. If the storm is moving at a speed of 10 mi/h and the picnickers take 20 minutes to
finish eating and pack, will they get wet?
An observer measures the North Star (Polaris) at an altitude of 30. The observer’s
latitude is
A) 40N.
B) none of these.
C) 60N.
D) 30N.
The type of rock most susceptible to chemical weathering is
A) sandstone.
B) basalt.
C) shale.
D) limestone.
In general, fast reactions
A) are exothermic.
B) are endothermic.
C) have low activation energies.
D) have high activation energies.
A likely ratio of the masses of oxygen in two different compounds of tin and oxygen,
both of which contain the same mass of tin, is
A) 1.42 to 1.
B) 3.11 to 1.
C) 3.77 to 1.
D) 2 to 1.
Reacting an acid with a base gives water and
A) a carbonate.
B) ammonia.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) a salt.
An electron is in its lowest energy level when
A) it is free of nuclear forces.
B) its momentum is zero.
C) it is in its ground state.
D) none of these.
About 99% by mass of Earth’s atmosphere is composed of the two elements
A) nitrogen and oxygen.
B) oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C) oxygen and silicon.
D) hydrogen and helium.
A negative potential energy may be made positive by changing the _____________
point.
The symbol for the element with the highest electronegativity is ______________.
A(n) ______________ is a cohesive aggregate of one or more minerals.
All specimens of a pure ______________ have identical properties and composition.
The Great Dark Spot is a feature of ______________.
______________ (how many?) tidal bulges “move” around Earth daily.
The visible surface of the Sun is called the _______________.
A(n) ______________ is an elementary particle with a charge of +1.6 x 10-19coulomb.
The H3O+ion is called the ______________ ion.
One liter of pure water at its maximum density has a mass of 1 ______________.
Volcanoes are formed by the eruptions of both lava and pyroclastics form steeply
sloping, layered cones called ______________.
The diameter of the average nucleus is about ______________ m.
The substances formed in a chemical reaction are called the ______________.
The value of an object’s gravitational potential energy depends on the ______________.
A description of the severity of the damage caused by an earthquake is given by its
ranking on the ______________ scale.
The number of daylight hours at any place on Earth’s oceans depends on the
______________ and the ______________ of the year.
The planet that is normally farthest from the Sun, but sometimes is not, is
______________.
Calculate the percentage composition by mass (to the nearest 0.1) of each element in
aspirin, C9H8O4.
Gas, lava, and pyroclastics are the three general products emitted during a(n)
_____________.