Just as a sustained flow of water in a hydraulic circuit needs a pump, in electric circuits
the flow of charge needs
A) current.
B) voltage.
C) resistance.
Optical fibers are commonly used by
A) surgeons.
B) mechanics.
C) engineers.
D) aviators.
E) all of the above
Buoyant force acts upward on a submerged object because
A) it acts in a direction to oppose gravity.
B) the weight of fluid displaced reacts with an upward force.
C) pressure against its bottom is greater than pressure against its top.
D) none of the above
When visible light is incident upon clear glass, atoms in the glass
A) are forced into vibration.
B) resonate.
C) convert the light energy into internal energy.
When a gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume, its density
A) halves.
B) doubles.
C) quadruples.
D) remains the same.
The vibrations of a transverse wave move
A) along the direction of wave travel.
B) at right angles to the direction of wave travel.
C) that changes with speed.
The speed of sound in air is greatest for
A) high frequencies.
B) low frequencies.
C) same for all frequencies.
Consider a metal ring with a gap cut in it. When the ring is heated, the gap
A) becomes narrower.
B) becomes wider.
C) retains its size.
Neglecting friction, a small and a large block of ice begin sliding down an incline
together. The larger block reaches the bottom
A) before the small block.
B) after the small block.
C) at the same time as the small block.
If the energy levels in the neon atom were not discrete, neon signs would glow
A) red.
B) white.
C) blue.
In 1919 Rutherford performed the first historic artificial transmutations of
A) hydrogen to helium.
B) nitrogen to oxygen.
C) carbon 12 to carbon 14.
D) none of the above
On a muggy day, water molecules in the air that strike our bodies
A) transfer some of their kinetic energy to us.
B) gain kinetic energy as they change phase.
C) form an insulating layer on our bodies.
When an electron passes through the magnetic field of a horseshoe magnet, the
electron’s
A) speed is increased.
B) direction is changed.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Both black and white road surfaces radiate energy. At midnight on a starry night the
warmer road surface is the
A) black surface.
B) white surface.
C) neither, as no noticeable difference.
Sunburns are produced by
A) infrared light.
B) visible light.
C) ultraviolet light.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
A transformer actually transforms
A) voltage.
B) magnetic field lines.
C) generators into motors.
D) non-safe forms of energy to safe forms of energy.
E) all of the above
If light in a spectroscope passed through round holes instead of slits, spectral lines
would appear
A) as thicker lines.
B) round.
C) dimmer.
A uranium atom is 238 times as massive as a hydrogen atom. Compared with the
diameter of a hydrogen atom, uranium’s size is
A) slightly smaller.
B) only slightly larger.
C) is much larger, but less than 238 times as large.
An uncharged pith ball is suspended by a nylon fiber. When a negatively-charged
rubber rod is brought near the pith ball, without touching, the ball
A) becomes charged by induction.
B) becomes polarized.
C) is repelled by the rod.
D) is unaffected.
E) none of the above
The ratio of a photon’s energy to its frequency is
A) its speed.
B) its wavelength.
C) its amplitude.
D) Planck’s constant.
E) none of the above
The force responsible for a car moving steadily along a no-friction icy banked curve is
due to
A) centrifugal effects.
B) the normal force at right angles to the curved surface.
C) the radial component of the normal force.
D) none of the above
The amount of current produced by electromagnetic induction depends on the
A) amount of induced voltage.
B) resistance of the circuit to which it is connected.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Passengers in a high-flying jumbo jet feel their normal weight in flight, while
passengers in an orbiting space vehicle do not, because passengers in the space vehicle
are
A) beyond the main pull of Earth’s gravity.
B) above Earth’s atmosphere.
C) without support forces.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Galileo dropped two balls of different weights and found they accelerated equally to the
ground below. Einstein imagined the same result for a side-by-side drop
A) without invoking gravity.
B) in an accelerating vehicle.
C) whether they were of the same mass or not.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
If Nellie hangs from a horizontal bar that is supported by four vertical ropes, the tension
in the ropes
A) are each half her weight.
B) are each equal to her weight.
C) add to equal her weight.
D) none of the above
Biomagnetism has been detected in
A) bacteria.
B) pigeons.
C) wasps.
D) humans.
E) all of the above
A hockey puck is set in motion across a frozen pond. If ice friction and air resistance
are neglected, the force required to keep the puck sliding at constant velocity is
A) equal to its weight.
B) equal to its weight divided by its mass.
C) equal to its mass times its weight.
D) none of the above
When Millikan observed oil drops hovering at rest in his chamber, he knew that
A) an upward electric force balanced the weight of each drop.
B) each drop was in mechanical equilibrium.
C) the net force on each drop was zero.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
High-pitched sound has a high
A) speed.
B) rate of vibration.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Refraction results from differences in light’s
A) frequency.
B) incident angles.
C) speed.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
In which of these processes is an element transformed into a completely different
element?
A) alpha decay
B) beta decay
C) both of these
D) none of the above
Light from a laser is
1) monochromatic.
2) in phase.
3) coherent.
4) all of the above.
Compared to the energy put into a laser, the energy of the laser beam is
5) usually much more.
6) much less.
7) the same.
Figure L-2
The radiation curve is a plot of light intensity versus frequency for an incandescent
source. If this light is first passed through a cool gas, the resulting radiation curve
would most probable look like
1) I.
2) II.
3) III.
This best illustrates that the atoms of gas have
4) been excited.
5) absorbed part of the light.
6) simplified selective frequencies of the transmitted light.
Which of the following has the greater weight?
1) 1 kilogram of gold
2) 1 kilogram of feathers
3) both weigh the same in the same locality
This follows from the fact that
4) gold is more compact than feathers.
5) weight and mass are directly proportional to each other.
If a constant net force is applied to a body, the body is
1) accelerating.
2) moving at constant speed.
3) at rest or moving at constant velocity.
If a body is moving at constant velocity, it must have
4) a constant net force acting upon it.
5) constant non-zero acceleration.
6) constant speed.
7) none of the above.
A container of hydrogen gas has the same temperature as a container of denser oxygen
gas. The gas atoms having the greater average kinetic energy are the
1) hydrogen,
2) oxygen,
3) both the same,
while the gas atoms having the greater average velocity are the
4) hydrogen.
5) oxygen.
6) both the same.
The airspeed of an airplane is 100 km/h. When it is caught in a 100-km/h right-angled
crosswind, its speed across the ground below is about
1) 0 km/h.
2) 100 km/h.
3) 140 km/h.
4) 200 km/h.
5) more than 200 km/h.
If the airplane changes direction and flies at 60 degrees to the wind, its ground speed
will
6) decrease.
7) remain the same.
8) increase.
If we had the most powerful optical microscope in the world stacked on top of the next
most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would
1) probably see atoms,
2) probably be able to photograph atoms even if we couldn’t see them,
3) still not be able to see an atom,
because atoms are
4) invisible.
5) visible when illuminated with infrared light.
6) material particles which have mass and size.
7) smaller than the wavelengths of visible light.
If an elephant grew in proportion to twice its normal height, then the area of its ears
would be multiplied by
1) two
2) four
3) six
4) eight
and its total weight would be multiplied by
5) two.
6) four.
7) six.
8) eight.
Radioactive isotope A has a half-life of one year, while radioactive isotope B has a
half-life of one day. If equal numbers of atoms of each are present, which will give the
highest reading on a Geiger counter?
1) A
2) B
3) both the same
How much of the original sample of radioactive isotope A will be left at the end of the
second year?
4) none
5) one-quarter
6) one-half
7) one-eighth
Earth satellites are typically more than 100 km high so as to be above Earth’s
1) atmosphere,
2) gravitational field,
3) both the atmosphere and the gravitational field,
and if its path is circular at that altitude, then the satellite has a constant
4) speed.
5) acceleration.
6) radial distance from Earth.
7) all of these
8) none of the above
In the absence of air resistance, a projectile launched at the same speed at any angle will
attain the greatest range when projected at
1) 30o.
2) 45o.
3) 60o.
4) 90o.
In the case of throwing a heavy spear, not at the same speed but with the same force, the
greatest range is attained more likely when thrown at
5) 30o.
6) 45o.
7) 60o.
8) 90o.
Two identical buckets are filled to the brim, one with water and the other with alcohol.
The liquid pressure at the bottom of the bucket of water is
1) less than the pressure at the bottom of the bucket of alcohol.
2) more than the pressure at the bottom of the bucket of alcohol.
3) equal to the pressure at the bottom of the bucket of alcohol.
This is because
4) both containers are of the same volume.
5) alcohol is less dense than water.
6) both containers are filled to the same depth.
Figure E/M-3
Refer to the figure above. When the switch is closed in the primary circuit,
1) voltage is established in the primary coil
2) a current is established in the primary coil
3) a magnetic field builds up around the primary coil
4) all of the above
and a voltage is induced in the secondary circuit principally because
5) of the voltage in the primary.
6) of the change of current in the primary.
7) the expanding magnetic field about the primary is sensed by the secondary.
When water at 4oC is heated, it expands. When water at 4oC is cooled, it
1) contracts,
2) expands,
3) neither contracts nor expands,
4) not enough information given,
which follows from the fact that
5) cooling decreases the kinetic energy of H2O molecules.
6) water has its greatest density at 4oC.
7) we do not know how the water is cooled.
In referring to how much matter a body contains, we use the term
1) volume
2) mass
3) weight
and the force of gravitational attraction upon a body is
4) weight.
5) volume.
6) mass.