Why might increasing the temperature alter the rate of a chemical reaction?
A) The molecules will have a higher kinetic energy and bump into one another harder.
B) The molecules are less reactive at higher temperatures.
C) The molecules will more likely combine with other atoms at high temperature to
save space.
D) The density decreases as a function of temperature and this leads to an increase in
volume which drops the rate of reaction.
E) none of the above
Answer:
Energy is transported from the tropics to the polar regions chiefly by
A) winds.
B) ocean currents.
C) interchange of carbon dioxide.
D) none of the above
Answer:
A fish normally displaces its own
A) volume of water.
B) weight of water.
C) both of these
D) none of the above
Answer:
How many structural isomers are there for a compound having the molecular formula
C3H9N?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Answer:
What is an endothermic reaction?
A) It is a reaction that requires heat as a reactant.
B) It is a reaction where the products have more energy than the reactants.
C) It is a reaction where there is a net adsorption of energy from a reaction.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer:
The emergence of terrestrial lifefor example, land plants, came about during the
A) Triassic.
B) Silurian.
C) Ordovician.
D) Carboniferous era.
Answer:
An active galactic nucleus
A) is a place of intense star formation.
B) arises from the gigantic black hole at the center of a galaxy.
C) is a supermassive supergiant star that resides at the center of larger galaxies.
D) is a giant dust cloud at the center of a galaxy.
Answer:
When the distance between a pair of stars decreases by half, the force between them
A) decreases by one-quarter.
B) decreases by one-half.
C) increases to twice as much.
D) increases to four times as much.
E) stays the same.
Answer:
The most violent volcanic explosions are generated from
A) basaltic lava flows.
B) andesitic lava flows.
C) granitic lava flows.
D) ocean floor lava flows.
Answer:
As drops fall from a leaky faucet they become
A) closer together as they fall.
B) farther apart as they fall.
C) a fixed distance apart as they fall.
D) none of the above
Answer:
There are no tides to be seen in the community swimming pool because
A) gravitation on the small mass of water is negligibly small.
B) it is shallow compared to the ocean.
C) all parts of it are practically the same distance from the Moon.
D) they are masked by the much stronger pull of Earth’s gravity.
E) But there are, at nighttime.
Answer:
Given the following diagram, describe what happens electronically between these two
molecules.
A) Oxygen A becomes slightly positively charged due to the protons on the water
molecule.
B) Oxygen B becomes slightly positively charged due to the protons on the water
molecule.
C) Oxygen A becomes slightly negatively charged due to the oxygen molecule.
D) Hydrogens on oxygen W becomes slightly positively charged due to the oxygen
molecule.
E) none of the above
Answer:
Because of the Coriolis force, a wind in the Northern Hemisphere is deflected
A) upward.
B) downward.
C) toward the right.
D) toward the left.
Answer:
A pulley system can
A) change the direction of a force.
B) multiply a force.
C) both of these
D) none of the above
Answer:
Alternating current is normally produced by a
A) battery.
B) generator.
C) both of these
D) none of the above
Answer:
Precipitation exceeds evaporation over the
A) continents.
B) polar ice caps.
C) oceans.
D) equator.
Answer:
How might you distinguish a sodium-vapor street lamp from a mercury-vapor street
lamp?
A) Use binoculars to look for printing adjacent to the bulb.
B) Look at the street lamps through a spectroscope and match their spectral patterns to
their respective atomic spectra.
C) Ask your local utility company to identify these lamps for you.
D) The shadows cast from a sodium-vapor street lamp tend to be more diffuse around
the edges.
Answer:
A 10-kg block is pushed across a horizontal surface with a horizontal force of 20 N
against a friction force of 10 N. The acceleration of the block is
A) 1 m/s2.
B) 2 m/s2.
C) 5 m/s2.
D) 10 m/s2.
E) none of the above
Answer:
A 50-N object falling in air experiences 30 N of air resistance. The net force on the
falling object is
A) 0 N.
B) 20 N.
C) 50 N.
D) 80 N.
Answer:
As a scuba diver descends into the open ocean, pressure
A) increases and temperatures decrease.
B) decreases and temperatures increase.
C) and temperatures decrease.
D) and temperatures increase.
Answer:
Cloud types associated with stable air include
A) cumulus and cumulonimbus.
B) cirrostratus, altostratus, and stratus.
C) cirrostratus, altocumulus, and altostratus.
D) stratocumulus, stratus, and cirrostratus.
Answer:
In a wet and humid climate, the mineral halite will succumb to weathering more easily
than granite because
A) granite is more resistant.
B) halite readily dissolves in water.
C) halite is relatively soft (hardness of 2.5).
D) all of the above.
Answer:
In a reconstruction of Earth’s geologic past, the continents of Africa and South America
fit best along the
A) shorelines.
B) continental shelves.
C) continental slopes.
D) ocean floors.
Answer:
In the oxidation-reduction reaction Mg(s) + (aq) → 3 (aq) + Cu(s), which
atom or ion is reduced? Which atom or ion is oxidized?
A) The ion is oxidized as it gains electrons from the copper metal, Cu. The
magnesium metal, Mg, is reduced as it loses electrons to form .
B) The ion is reduced as it gains electrons from the copper metal, Cu. The is
oxidized as it loses electrons to the .
C) The ion is reduced as it gains electrons to form copper metal, Cu. The
magnesium metal, Mg, is oxidized as it loses electrons to form .
D) Since Mg goes from a solid to an aqueous solution and Cu goes from an aqueous
solution to a solid, an oxidation-reduction reaction did not occur.
Answer:
Lift an object against the force of gravity if you want to judge its
A) mass.
B) weight.
C) both the same
D) none of the above
Answer:
You’re driving in a car at 50 km/h and bump into a car ahead traveling at 48 km/h in the
same direction. The speed of impact is
A) zero.
B) 2 km/h.
C) 48 km/h.
D) 50 km/h.
E) 98 km/h.
Answer:
Movement of air aloft can influence surface air pressure; sometimes air aloft spreads
apartit divergesdecreasing the mass of air above the surface. This causes the surface air
pressure to
A) increase and surface winds to blow inward toward the center of highest pressure.
B) decrease and surface winds to blow inward toward the center of high pressure.
C) increase and surface winds to blow inward toward the center of low pressure.
D) decrease and surface winds to blow inward toward the center of lowest pressure.
Answer:
Why don’t the electrodes of a fuel cell deteriorate the way the electrodes of a battery
do?
A) As long as fuel is supplied, fuel cells don’t run down, but car batteries die when the
electron-producing chemicals are consumed.
B) Fuel cell electrodes are made of graphite, which does not deteriorate.
C) Fuel cell electrodes are self-replenishing thanks to the KOH-containing paste.
D) Fuel cell do not use electrodes, so there are none to deteriorate.
Answer:
Current in a conductor can be increased by
A) increasing the voltage across it.
B) reducing its resistance.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Answer:
Rocks altered by heat and pressure beneath Earth’s surface are
A) intrusive igneous rocks.
B) extrusive sedimentary rocks.
C) metamorphic rocks.
D) igneous rocks.
Answer:
A car moves 4 times as fast as another identical car. Compared with the slower car, the
faster car has
A) 4 times the kinetic energy.
B) 8 times the kinetic energy.
C) 12 times the kinetic energy.
D) 16 times the kinetic energy.
Answer:
According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid?
H2O + H2SO4 → H3O+ + HSO4
–
A) H2SO4
B) H2O
C) H3O+
D) HSO4
–
E) none of the above
Answer:
What do chicken noodle soup and garden soil have in common?
A) They are both examples of heterogeneous mixtures.
B) They both contain elements.
C) They are both examples of compounds.
D) nothing
Answer:
The alpha particle has twice the electric charge of the beta particle but deflects less than
the beta in a magnetic field because it
A) moves much slower.
B) moves much faster.
C) has much more inertia.
D) has much less inertia.
Answer:
Show the relationship between wave speed and wave frequency. If the speed of a
longitudinal wave is 340 m/s and the frequency is 1000 Hz, what is the wavelength of
the wave?
Answer:
Why are there usually large spaces of blue sky between cumulus clouds?
Answer:
What impact does the formation of the ozone layer have on our planet?
Answer:
How are sand dunes formed?
Answer:
Distinguish between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave. Give examples of each.
Answer:
Why does a drop in air pressure indicate the coming of cloudy weather and a rise in air
pressure indicate clear weather?
Answer:
Why do cumulus clouds often form, disappear, and then reform in the same place?
Answer:
How old is the Atlantic Ocean? For how many years has magma been extruding in the
mid-Atlantic?
Answer:
Compare the relative speeds of primary and secondary seismic waves, and relate speeds
of travel to the medium in which the waves travel.
Answer:
When water vapor condenses to liquid water, is thermal energy absorbed or released?
Answer:
Why are periods the most fundamental time unit?
Answer:
A boy fires a spring-loaded Ping-Pong ball gun. Briefly compare the forces and
impulses on the gun and the ball. Which has more momentum? Which moves faster?
Answer:
What happens to the water vapor in saturated air as the air cools?
Answer:
What kind of plate boundary separates the South American Plate from the African
Plate?
Answer:
How do geologists determine the relative ages of different rocks?
Answer:
In what three ways does flowing water erode a stream channel?
Answer:
Why does the force of gravity do no work on a bowling ball rolling along a bowling
lane? Look ahead to the next chapter and apply your explanation to satellite motion.
Answer: