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The internal energy of an ideal gas depends on
A) its pressure.
B) its volume.
C) its temperature.
D) its temperature and pressure.
E) its temperature, pressure, and volume.
Two vectors A and B have components (0, 1, 2) and (-1, 3, 1), respectively.
(a) Determine the components of the sum of these two vectors.
(b) Determine the magnitude of the sum of these two vectors.
Consider a uniform electric field of 50. N/C directed toward the East. If the voltage
measured relative to ground at a given point in the field is 80. V, what is the voltage at a
point 1.0 m directly South of that point?
A) zero
B) 30 V
C) 50 V
D) 80 V
E) 50. kV
Some automobiles have air bags installed on their dashboards as a safety measure. The
impact of a collision causes the bag to inflate, and it then cushions a passenger's head
when he is thrown forward in the car. Suppose that such a bag could lengthen the
collision time between one's head and the dashboard by a factor of 10. What effect
would this have on the force exerted on the head?
A) The force would be reduced by a factor of about 3.
B) The force would be reduced by a factor of about 1000.
C) The force would be reduced by a factor of about 10.
D) The force would not be reduced, but the energy transferred to the head would be,
thereby minimizing the damage done.
E) The force would be reduced by a factor of about 100.
In making a transition from state n = 1 to state n = 2, the hydrogen atom must
A) absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.
B) emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.
C) emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.
D) absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.
E) absorb a photon of energy 13.6 eV.
What is the critical angle for light traveling from crown glass (n = 1.52) into water (n =
1.33)?
A) 66
B) 42
C) 57
D) 48
E) 61
What is the distance traveled by a beam of light in a time of 2.0 ms?
A) 6.0 x 105 m
B) 0.66 x 105 m
C) 90 m
D) 70 m
E) 60 m
A small car meshes with a large truck in a head-on collision. Which of the following
statements concerning the magnitude of the average collision force is correct?
A) It is impossible to tell since the masses and velocities are not given.
B) The small car experiences the greater average force.
C) The small car and the truck experience the same average force.
D) The truck experiences the greater average force.
The near point with age usually
A) steadily decreases.
B) approaches 25. cm.
C) steadily increases.
D) increases and then decreases.
Consider an object floating on a pool of water. Suppose much oil is poured onto the
water and now floats above the water, with the object floating with part surrounded by a
layer of oil and the lower part still in water. How has the buoyant force on the object
changed by the oil layer?
A) decreased
B) remained the same
C) increased
For relaxed viewing (microscope or telescope) the eyepiece is adjusted to place the
image at
A) the near point.
B) the focal point.
C) the pupil of the eye.
D) infinity.
E) the radius of curvature.
When a positronium atom decays, it emits two photons. What are the energies of the
photons?
A) 0.225 MeV and 0.285 MeV
B) 0.511 MeV and 1.022 MeV
C) 0.256 MeV and 0.256 MeV
D) 0.511 MeV and 0.511 MeV
E) 1.02 GeV and 938. MeV
When air resistance is a factor, maximum range is achieved when the projection angle is
A) less than 45.
B) 45.
C) greater than 45. but not 90.
D) 90.
You are standing in a moving bus, facing forward, and you suddenly move forward as
the bus comes to an immediate stop. What force caused you to move forward?
A) force of gravity
B) normal force due to your contact with the floor of the bus
C) force due to static friction between you and the floor of the bus
D) force due to kinetic friction between you and the floor of the bus
E) no forces were responsible for your fall.
Air is flowing through a rocket nozzle. Inside the rocket the air has a density of 5.25
kg/m3 and a speed of 1.20 m/s. The interior diameter of the rocket is 15.0 cm. At the
nozzle exit, the diameter is 2.50 cm and the density is 1.29 kg/m3. What is the speed of
the air when it leaves the nozzle?
A) 123 m/s
B) 176 m/s
C) 88.0 m/s
D) 45.7 m/s
E) 29.3 m/s
The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude that
A) the total energy of the universe is constant.
B) disorder in the universe is increasing with the passage of time.
C) it is theoretically possible to convert heat into work with 100% efficiency.
D) the average temperature of the universe is increasing with the passage of time.
An object of mass 10.0 kg is initially at rest. A 100 N force causes it to move
horizontally through a distance of 6.00 m. What is the change in the kinetic energy of
this object?
A) 0 J
B) 200 J
C) 60.0 J
D) 600 J
E) 1000 J
A Tungsten w ire is 1.50 m long and has a diameter of 1.00 mm. At 20.°C a current of
50. mA flows through the wire. [ρ=5.6 x 10-8 Ω ∙ m; α=0.0045(C°)-1]
(a) Determine the potential across the wire.
(b) If the wire temperature increases by 100. °C, what potential is now required to
produce a current of 50. mA?
Strain is
A) the ratio of the change in length to the original length.
B) the ratio of stress to elastic modulus.
C) the applied force per unit area.
D) the stress per unit area.
Express your body temperature (98.6°F) in Celsius degrees.
A) 37.0°C
B) 72.6°C
C) 45.5°C
D) 29.5°C
E) 66.6°C
A 4.0 kg box of fruit slides 8.0 m down a ramp, inclined at 30. from the horizontal. If
the box slides at a constant velocity of 5.0 m/s, the work done by gravity is
A) +78. J.
B) 0.16 kJ.
C) -78. J.
D) zero.
E) -0.16 kJ.
A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated to 100C and placed in an aluminum can of mass
0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at 17.3°C. The final equilibrium
temperature of the mixture is 20.2°C, what is the specific heat of the metal?
A) 140 J/kg ∙ C°
B) 180 J/kg ∙ C°
C) 270 J/kg ∙ C°
D) 450 J/kg ∙ C°
E) 900 J/kg ∙ C°
A Carnot engine is operated as a refrigerator, taking in 18. J of heat every second and
expelling 20. J into a 23.°C room. What is the temperature inside the refrigerator?
A) 300. K
B) 15°C
C) -15°C
D) -6.6°C
E) 3.0°C
FIGURE 21-1
The rms value of a "square" wave is ________ the rms value of a "sine" wave of similar
amplitude and frequency. (see Fig. 21-1)
A) more than
B) equal to
C) less than
Consider an open pipe of length L. What are the wavelengths of the three lowest tones
produced by this pipe?
A) 4L, 2L, L
B) 2L, L, L/2
C) 2L, L, 2L/3
D) 4L, 4L/3, 4L/5
What are the mass number and the atomic number for each of the following:
(a) beta+?
(b) beta-?
The net direction in which electrons flow through a circuit is:
A) the direction of the conventional current.
B) opposite of the direction of the conventional current.
A 0.30 kg mass is suspended on a string. In equilibrium the mass stretches the spring
2.0 cm downward. The mass is then pulled an additional distance of 1.0 cm down and
released from rest.
(a) Write down its equation of motion.
(b) Calculate the velocity of the mass at T/3 s.
The electric field at the surface of a conductor is
A) always zero.
B) perpendicular to the surface.
C) parallel to the surface.
D) never zero.
Suppose several forces are acting upon a mass m. The in = m refers to
A) any particular one of the forces.
B) the vector sum of all the forces.
C) the force of friction acting upon the mass.
D) the arithmetic sum of all the forces.
E) the arithmetic mean of all the forces.
The density of water is 1.00 grams/cm3. What is the density in kg/m3?
A) 1.00 x 10-3
B) 1.00
C) 1.00 x 103
D) 1.00 x 106
E) 0.000100
A porch roof sloping at 45 accumulated snow to a depth of 30. cm. The roof measured
3.0 m x 5.0 m. If the density of snow was 15. kg/ m2, what was the weight of the snow,
in pounds, on the roof?
A) 210 lb
B) 74 lb
C) 56 lb
D) 148 lb
E) 105 lb
FIGURE 2-3
The graph in Fig. 2-3 plots the velocity of two cars (A and B) along the same straight
road. During the time interval shown, which car is AHEAD?
A) Car A
B) Car B
C) insufficient information
Stress is
A) the ratio of the change in length.
B) the same as force.
C) the strain per unit length.
D) applied force per cross-sectional area.
